The Nature of Winter Clouds and Precipitation in the Cascade Mountains and their Modification by Artificial Seeding. Part I: Natural Conditions
The Nature of Winter Clouds and Precipitation in the Cascade Mountains and their Modification by Artificial Seeding. Part I: Natural Conditions
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喀斯喀特山脉冬季云和降水的性质及其人工播种的改变。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Hobbs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Hobbs
本文是1969年至1974年对华盛顿州喀斯喀特山脉冬季云和降水进行实地调查的三篇论文中的第一篇，并对人工播种对它们的影响进行了物理评价。本文描述了对自然云和降水的空中和地面观测，观测结果表明：（一）在锋前条件下，冰粒子在−10°C以上的水滴中占主导地位，但在锋后条件下，冰与水的比例较低;（ii）闭塞或暖锋的通过导致冰晶的扩散生长层的急剧降低，因此，到达地面的粒子的变化，从unrimed晶体生长在低温下，以rimed晶体形成在较高的温度;（iii）在云中的最大冰粒浓度往往是几个数量级大于测量的冰核将建议;（iv）增长的降水粒子的B…
Abstract This is the first of three papers describing field investigations, carried out from 1969 to 1974, of winter clouds and precipitation in the Cascade Mountains of Washington State, and physical evaluations of their modification by artificial seeding. The present paper describes airborne and ground observations of the natural clouds and precipitation.It has been observed that (i) in pre-frontal conditions ice particles dominate over water droplets above the −10°C level, but the ratio of ice to water is lower in post-frontal conditions; (ii) the passage of an occluded or warm front causes a sharp lowering of the diffusional growth layers of the ice crystals, so that particles reaching the ground change from unrimed crystals which grow at low temperatures to rimed crystals which form at higher temperatures; (iii) the maximum ice particle concentrations in the clouds are often several orders of magnitude greater than measurements of ice nuclei would suggest; (iv) the growth of precipitation particles b...