Profiles of Temperament among Youth with Specific Phobias: Implications for CBT Outcomes.
Profiles of Temperament among Youth with Specific Phobias: Implications for CBT Outcomes.
复制标题
患有特定恐惧症的青少年的气质概况：对 CBT 结果的影响。
DOI：
10.1007/s10802-016-0255-4
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Ollendick,ThomasH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Capriola,NicoleN;Booker,JordanA;Ollendick,ThomasH
特定恐惧症（SP）的特点是对某个物体或情况过度恐惧或焦虑。 SP 常常会在儿童期及以后造成一系列负面后果。人们普遍认为，与没有 SP 的儿童相比，有 SP 的儿童表现出性格上的过度调节和恐惧，但很少有人试图区分有 SP 的儿童的性格模式。在本研究中，我们研究了接受基于 CBT 的 SP 治疗的青少年的不同气质特征的轨迹。参与者是 117 名寻求治疗的青少年（M 年龄 = 8.77 岁，年龄范围 = 6-15 岁；54.7% 是女孩），他们符合 SP 及其母亲的标准。出现了三种气质特征，它们在概念上与之前支持的特征相似：适应良好；抑制；且不受控制。虽然所有组在治疗后均表现出类似的 SP 严重程度的大幅降低，但三组之间在更广泛的内化症状、外化症状和全局观方面出现了差异。调整良好的组最初的功能高于其他两组。抑制组在最初的内化症状方面具有最初的劣势。控制不足的组表现出最大的合并症风险，并且在内化和外化症状方面都处于劣势。这些不同的簇代表了 SP 青少年临床样本中相当大的异质性，他们通常被认为具有抑制和恐惧的同质行为倾向。研究结果表明，考虑恐惧症儿童的气质模式可以帮助制定治疗计划，并为持续改进提供信息，以改善治疗反应。
Specific phobias (SPs) are characterized by excessive fear or anxiety regarding an object or situation. SPs often result in a host of negative outcomes in childhood and beyond. Children with SPs are broadly assumed to show dispositional over-regulation and fearfulness relative to children without SPs, but there are few attempts to distinguish dispositional patterns among children with SPs. In the present study, we examined trajectories of differing temperamental profiles for youth receiving a CBT-based treatment for their SP. Participants were 117 treatment seeking youth (M Age = 8.77 years, Age Range = 6–15 years; 54.7% girls) who met criteria for a SP and their mothers. Three temperament profiles emerged and were conceptually similar to previously supported profiles: well-adjusted; inhibited; and under-controlled. While all groups showed similarly robust reductions in SP severity following treatment, differences among the three groups emerged in terms of broader internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and global outlook. The well-adjusted group was higher in functioning initially than the other two groups. The inhibited group had initial disadvantages in initial internalizing symptoms. The under-controlled group showed greatest comorbidity risks and had initial disadvantages in both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These distinct clusters represent considerable heterogeneity within a clinical sample of youth with SP who are often assumed to have homogenous behavior tendencies of inhibition and fearfulness. Findings suggest that considering patterns of temperament among children with phobias could assist treatment planning and inform ongoing refinements to improve treatment response.