Global hidden harvest of freshwater fish revealed by household surveys
Global hidden harvest of freshwater fish revealed by household surveys
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1721097115
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发表时间：
2018-07-17
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
McIntyre, Peter B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne;Funge-Smith, Simon;McIntyre, Peter B.
野生淡水鱼的消费集中在低收入国家，对这些国家的粮食安全和生计作出了重要贡献。长期以来，人们一直怀疑官方统计数据低估了内陆的捕捞量，原因是缺乏对自给渔业的监控。为了克服缺乏广泛小规模捕捞数据的问题，我们利用家庭消费调查来估计1997年至2014年期间42个低收入和中等收入国家的淡水鱼捕捞量。在考虑到贸易和水产养殖后，这些国家的野生淡水鱼消费量比官方报告的多360万吨（CI, 1.5-5.8），反映出净少报64.8% （CI, 27.1-103.9%）。尽管在我们的计算中有保守的假设，但个别国家更有可能低估（n = 31）而不是高估（n = 11）捕鱼量。根据我们的发现推断，2008年报告的全球内陆捕鱼量为1030万吨更有可能是1660万吨（CI, 2.3-30.9），这与最近对河流和湖泊的独立预测一致。就人类而言，这些隐藏的收获相当于3690万人（CI, 3080 - 4340）的动物蛋白总消费量，其中包括许多依靠野生鱼类获取最低蛋白质摄入量的人。家庭消费调查发现的普遍低报现象表明，内陆渔业对全球粮食安全的贡献远远超过人们以前认识到的水平。随着河流、湖泊和湿地的退化，我们的研究结果也加剧了人们对集约化渔业开发的可持续性的担忧。
Consumption of wild-caught freshwater fish is concentrated in low-income countries, where it makes a critical contribution to food security and livelihoods. Underestimation of inland harvests in official statistics has long been suspected due to unmonitored subsistence fisheries. To overcome the lack of data from extensive small-scale harvests, we used household consumption surveys to estimate freshwater fish catches in 42 low-and middle-income countries between 1997 and 2014. After accounting for trade and aquaculture, these countries collectively consumed 3.6 MT (CI, 1.5-5.8) more wild-caught freshwater fish than officially reported, reflecting a net under-reporting of 64.8% (CI, 27.1-103.9%). Individual countries were more likely to underestimate (n = 31) than overestimate (n = 11) catches, despite conservative assumptions in our calculations. Extrapolating our findings suggests that the global inland catch reported as 10.3 MT in 2008 was more likely 16.6 MT (CI, 2.3-30.9), which accords with recent independent predictions for rivers and lakes. In human terms, these hidden harvests are equivalent to the total animal protein consumption of 36.9 (CI, 30.8-43.4) million people, including many who rely upon wild fish to achieve even minimal protein intake. The widespread underreporting uncovered by household consumption surveys indicates that inland fisheries contribute far more to global food security than has been recognized previously. Our findings also amplify concerns about the sustainability of intensive fishery exploitation as degradation of rivers, lakes, and wetlands continues apace.