Hmong Elaborate Expressions are Coordinate Compounds
Hmong Elaborate Expressions are Coordinate Compounds
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苗族复杂的表达方式是并列复合词
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
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通讯作者：
David R. Mortensen
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作者：
David R. Mortensen
当接触到苗语话语1话语，或许多其他结构相似的东南亚语言的话语时，说英语的人很难不被这种话语传统中普遍存在的平行现象所打动。几乎所有的事情似乎都是重复的，通常是成对的。当然，语言中的平行现象绝非仅限于东南亚--作为一种文体手段，它无处不在。然而，至少在苗语中，很难不得出这样一个结论，即平行现象在语言的语法结构中所起的作用比在英语中的作用更大。除了常见类型的文体平行外，苗族还有一系列令人印象深刻的对称语法结构。在这方面特别令人感兴趣的是两个形态结构：无中心并列复合词，由两对同义词、近义词、反义词和对话组成，如caij-nyoog‘time-time’(时间)，num-tswv‘Offer-Lord’(领导)和muag-nug‘姊妹-brother’(兄弟姐妹)；以及所谓的精细表达--表面上类似英语成语的平行表达--来得容易，像父亲一样。在后一类化合物中，有如下化合物
On exposure to Hmong discourse 1 discourse, or that of many other structurally-similar Southeast Asian languages—the speaker of English can hardly help but be impressed by the pervasiveness of parallelism in this discourse tradition. Almost everything seems to be repeated, often in balanced pairs. Of course, parallelism in language is by no means confined to Southeast Asia—as a stylistic device it is ubiquitous. However, in Hmong at least, it is hard to escape the conclusion that parallelism plays a greater role in the grammatical structure of the language than it does in English. In addition to the usual types of stylistic parallelism, Hmong features an impressive array of symmetrical grammatical structures. Of particular interest in this regard are two morphological constructions: headless coordinate compounds consisting of pairs of synonyms, nearsynonyms, antonyms, and converses like caij-nyoog ‘time-time’ (‘time’), num-tswv ‘official-lord’ (‘leader’), andmuag-nug‘sister-brother’ (‘brother and sister’); and socalled elaborate expressions—parallel expressions superficially like the English idioms easy-come easy-go andlike father like son. In this latter category are compounds like