Follow-up or Weaning Formulas
Follow-up or Weaning Formulas
复制标题
后续配方奶粉或断奶配方奶粉
DOI：
10.1542/peds.83.6.1067
复制
发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
G. Hendershot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Hendershot
在美国，婴儿营养方面取得了很大的成功，首选母乳喂养，或用铁强化的婴儿配方奶粉喂养。当婴儿从全流质饮食断奶到含有各种固体食物的饮食时，关于喂养选择的小争议就会发生。
断奶不是一个单一的事件，而是一个持续数月的过程，最好在4至6个月大时开始。营养目标是实现多样化的饮食，其中约35%至50%的能量来自母乳或婴儿配方奶粉以外的来源。多样性仍然是饮食的关键，特别是对于6个月以上的婴儿。固体食物必须提供足够的铁、微量矿物质和维生素，以替代和补充从饮食中去除的母乳或配方奶中的铁、微量矿物质和维生素。
母乳和强化婴儿配方奶粉在生命的第二个6个月仍然是最佳的牛奶部分的饮食。然而，母亲可能出于各种原因选择停止母乳喂养。营养委员会指出，牛奶可以在第二个6个月大的时候被替代，条件是：（1）牛奶的卡路里消耗量不超过总卡路里的65%，（2）饮食中的固体食物部分可以替代牛奶中缺乏的铁和维生素。
最近，“后续”喂养（配方）已在美国上市，因为它们已在欧洲上市多年。
A high level of success in infant nutrition has been achieved in the United States by breast-feeding as preferred, or by feeding with iron-fortified infant formulas. Minor controversies about feeding choices occur when infants are weaned from an all liquid diet to one containing a variety of solid foods.
Weaning is not a single event but a process that takes place throughout a number of months, beginning optimally between 4 and 6 months of age. The nutritional objective is to achieve a varied diet with approximately 35% to 50% of energy coming from sources other than breast milk or infant formula. Variety remains the key to the diet, particularly for infants older than 6 months of age. Solid food must provide an adequate source of iron, trace minerals, and vitamins to replace and supplement those in that portion of breast milk or formula removed from the diet.
Breast milk and fortified infant formula continue to be optimal for the milk segment of the diet during the second 6 months of life. The mother may choose to stop breast-feeding for a variety of reasons, however. The Committee on Nutrition has indicated that cow's milk could be substituted in the second 6 months of age provided that (1) the amount of milk calories consumed does not exceed 65% of total calories and (2) the solid food portion of the diet replace the iron and vitamins deficient in cow's milk.
Recently "follow-up" feedings (formulas) have been marketed in the United States as they have been in Europe for many years.