Uncontrollability and self-blame in depression: investigation of the paradox in a college population.
Uncontrollability and self-blame in depression: investigation of the paradox in a college population.
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抑郁症中的失控和自责：对大学生悖论的调查。
DOI：
10.1037//0021-843x.88.6.620
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
C. Peterson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Peterson
所谓的抑郁症悖论，即抑郁症患者为他们无法控制的事件而自责，在这项对80名大学生的研究中得到了实证支持。贝克抑郁量表的得分呈正相关，在各种selfroles的无助感和内疚感的评级。对无助感和内疚感的感知在几乎所有的受试者中都是积极的，但抑郁症患者尤其如此。在最近的一篇文献综述中，艾布拉姆森和萨凯姆（1977）观察到，对抑郁症患者的临床描述强调了无助和自责这两种表面上不相容的认知。塞利格曼（Seligman，1975）和贝克（Beck，1967）这两个著名的抑郁症理论分别关注无助和自责。虽然这些理论有时被视为互补（例如，米勒和塞利格曼，1973年），他们的合并导致了一种自相矛盾的观点，即抑郁症患者会因为他们无法控制的结果而责怪自己。本文报道的研究有两个主要目的：（a）确定悖论是否确实存在;（B）区分悖论的几种可能的解决方案。大学生完成了几份问卷，其中包括贝克抑郁量表（BDI; Beck，Ward，Mendelson，Mock，& Erbaugh，1961），Levenson's（1973）multidimensional locus of control scales，以及对包括无助感和内疚感在内的各种自我角色沿着维度进行评级的量表。BDI的分数被用作抑郁的衡量标准（参见。Golin &特雷尔，1977; Klein & Seligman，1976;米勒& Seligman，1973，1975）。Levenson的仪器允许
The so-called paradox in depression, that depressives blame themselves for events over which they feel no control, received empirical support in this study of 80 undergraduates. Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory were positively correlated with the ratings of helplessness and guilt perceived in various selfroles. Perceptions of helplessness and guilt covaried positively across roles for almost all subjects,, but particularly for depressives. In a recent literature review, Abramson and Sackeim (1977) observed that clinical descriptions of depressives have emphasized the ostensibly incompatible cognitions of helplessness and self-blame. Two prominent theories of depression, Seligman's (1975) and Beck's (1967), have focused on helplessness and self-blame, respectively. Although these theories have sometimes been viewed as complementary (e.g., Miller & Seligman, 1973), their merger results in a paradoxical view of depressives as blaming themselves for outcomes over which they feel no control. The research reported in this article had two major purposes: (a) to establish whether the paradox indeed exists and (b) to distinguish among several possible resolutions of it. College students completed several questionnaires, among them the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961), Levenson's (1973) multidimensional locus of control scales, and scales for rating various self-roles along dimensions including helplessness and guilt. Scores on the BDI were used as measures of depression (cf. Golin & Terrell, 1977; Klein & Seligman, 1976; Miller & Seligman, 1973, 1975). Levenson's instruments allowed inde