Phylogenetic re-evaluation of Thielavia with the introduction of a new family Podosporaceae
Phylogenetic re-evaluation of Thielavia with the introduction of a new family Podosporaceae
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通过引入新科波多孢菌科对梭孢壳属进行系统发育重新评估
DOI：
10.1016/j.simyco.2019.08.002
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
16.5
通讯作者：
Houbraken, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, X. W.;Bai, F. Y.;Houbraken, J.
在形态上定义为具有非卵形的子囊，具有由表皮层结构组成的薄包皮，以及光滑的单细胞着色的子囊孢子，具有一个胚芽孔。Thielavia以Th为代表。与一种菌丝菌密切相关的柱头菌，传统上被鉴定为柱头菌。除了Th。本研究所描述的大部分飞蛾属植物都来自土壤，其中一些具有重要的经济和生态意义。不幸的是，没有生命类型的材料。basicola存在，阻碍了对Thielavia分类的正确理解。因此，木蠹蛾是由一种与原始描述中具有相同生态和形态的支寄生虫材料新型化的。随后，我们进行了多基因系统发育分析（rpb2, tub2， ITS和LSU），以解决目前在Thielavia发现的物种的系统发育关系。我们的研究结果表明，Thielavia是高度多系的，与两个目的三个家庭水平的谱系有关。重新定义的属被限制在它的模式种，Thielavia。basicola属于角鼻藓科（黑孢门），其寄主为berkelyomyces rouxiae，是“Thielaviopsis basicola”物种复合体中的两个种之一。新的Podosporaceae科是Sordariales毛囊科的姐妹科，包括重新定义的Podospora属，Trangularia属和Cladorrhinum属，最后一个属包括两个前Thielavia物种(Th。透明质脂和Th。媒介物)。该科还包括遗传模式种鹿角孢虫（Podospora anserina），该遗传模式种组合在Triangularia anserina中。其余的Thielavia属属于毛囊科10个不相关的分支，导致9个新属（Carteria, Chrysanthotrichum, Condenascus, Hyalosphaerella, Microthielavia, Parathielavia, Pseudothielavia， Stolonocarpus和Thermothielavioides）的提出。Canariomyces属根据其模式种Can从Microascaceae （Microascales）转移到Chaetomiaceae。notabilis。Canariomyces与人类致病属Madurella有密切关系，包括3个类噻虫属和1个新种。为了更好地区分毛藻科和thielavia类，本文引入了3个具有毛藻样形态的单型属（Brachychaeta， Chrysocorona和Floropilus）。lucknowensis和Brachychaeta variospora与Acrophialophora和3个新引入的包含thielavia样种的属关系密切；Floropilus chiversii与工业上重要的嗜热物种thermothielaviides terrestris（同上）密切相关。terrestris)。这项研究表明，类似于thielavia的形态是一种同源形态，起源于几个独立的进化事件。此外，我们的研究结果为Sordariales和多系的Lasiosphaeriaceae的分类提供了新的见解。
The genus Thielavia is morphologically defined by having non-ostiolate ascomata with a thin peridium composed of textura epidermoidea, and smooth, single-celled, pigmented ascospores with one germ pore. Thielavia is typified with Th. basicola that grows in close association with a hyphomycete which was traditionally identified as Thielaviopsis basicola. Besides Th. basicola exhibiting the mycoparasitic nature, the majority of the described Thielavia species are from soil, and some have economic and ecological importance. Unfortunately, no living type material of Th. basicola exists, hindering a proper understanding of the classification of Thielavia. Therefore, Thielavia basicola was neotypified by material of a mycoparasite presenting the same ecology and morphology as described in the original description. We subsequently performed a multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (rpb2, tub2, ITS and LSU) to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the species currently recognised in Thielavia. Our results demonstrate that Thielavia is highly polyphyletic, being related to three family-level lineages in two orders. The redefined genus Thielavia is restricted to its type species, Th. basicola, which belongs to the Ceratostomataceae (Melanosporales) and its host is demonstrated to be Berkeleyomyces rouxiae, one of the two species in the "Thielaviopsis basicola" species complex. The new family Podosporaceae is sister to the Chaetomiaceae in the Sordariales and accommodates the re-defined genera Podospora, Trangularia and Cladorrhinum, with the last genus including two former Thielavia species (Th. hyalocarpa and Th. intermedia). This family also includes the genetic model species Podospora anserina, which was combined in Triangularia (as Triangularia anserina). The remaining Thielavia species fall in ten unrelated clades in the Chaetomiaceae, leading to the proposal of nine new genera (Carteria, Chrysanthotrichum, Condenascus, Hyalosphaerella, Microthielavia, Parathielavia, Pseudothielavia, Stolonocarpus and Thermothielavioides). The genus Canariomyces is transferred from Microascaceae (Microascales) to Chaetomiaceae based on its type species Can. notabilis. Canariomyces is closely related to the human-pathogenic genus Madurella, and includes three thielavia-like species and one novel species. Three monotypic genera with a chaetomium-like morph (Brachychaeta, Chrysocorona and Floropilus) are introduced to better resolve the Chaetomiaceae and the thielavia-like species in the family. Chrysocorona lucknowensis and Brachychaeta variospora are closely related to Acrophialophora and three newly introduced genera containing thielavia-like species; Floropilus chiversii is closely related to the industrially important and thermophilic species Thermothielavioides terrestris (syn. Th. terrestris). This study shows that the thielavia-like morph is a homoplastic form that originates from several separate evolutionary events. Furthermore, our results provide new insights into the taxonomy of Sordariales and the polyphyletic Lasiosphaeriaceae.