The credibility and legitimation of science: A loss of faith in the scientific narrative.
The credibility and legitimation of science: A loss of faith in the scientific narrative.
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DOI：
10.1080/08989628908573770
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发表时间：
1989-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Francis, J R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Francis, J R
科学不端行为的存在挑战了科学自我监管的权威。本文探讨了科学自我调节的基础，这是形成科学意识形态的基础，科学意识形态有助于公开合法化科学的权威和自治。有人认为，传统的科学叙述夸大了质量控制，因此，科学存在潜在的合法性危机。特别是，在（1）科学结构和（2）科学家个体之间构建的二分法被认为是有问题的，不能用来将不当行为的责任转移到个人身上，同时又保持科学实践结构的神圣性——两者是不可分割的。这种分析有助于定位数据审计/质量保证运动，并阐明其在科学实践结构中的作用。公众对科学的持续支持和合法化要求科学界批判性地审查和加强科学实践的结构。重新审查不应公开集中于控制个别科学家。相反，鉴于科学的公共性质，适当的重点是构成和控制科学实践结构的社会单位：实验室、机构、科学协会和期刊以及资助机构。因此，第一届科学数据审计政策和质量保证国际会议应该被视为科学家之间就如何改进科学质量控制和实现公共问责制同时保持科学实践活力的严肃而艰难的对话的开始。
The presence of scientific misconduct challenges the authority of science to regulate itself. This paper examines the basis for scientific self-regulation, a basis which forms an ideology of science that has served to publicly legitimate the authority and autonomy of science. It is argued that the conventional scientific narrative overstates quality control and, as a consequence, that there is a potential crisis of legitimation in science. In particular, the dichotomy that is constructed between (1) the structure of science and (2) the individual scientist, is seen as problematic and cannot be used to shift the responsibility for misconduct onto individuals while at the same time preserving the sanctity of the structure of scientific practices-the two are inseparable. This analysis helps to locate the data audit/quality assurance movement and to clarify its role within the structure of scientific practices. The continued public support and legitimation of science requires that the scientific community critically examine and strengthen the structure of scientific practices. The re-examination should not focus overtly on controlling individual scientists. Rather, given the communal nature of science, the appropriate focus is on the social units that constitute and control the structure of scientific practices: laboratories, institutions, scientific societies and journals, and funding agencies. The First International Conference on Scientific Data Audit Policies and Quality Assurance should be viewed, then, as the beginning of a serious and difficult conversation among scientists on how to improve quality control in science and achieve public accountability while at the same time retaining the vitality of scientific practices.