Spatial optimization of residential care facility locations in Beijing, China: maximum equity in accessibility.
Spatial optimization of residential care facility locations in Beijing, China: maximum equity in accessibility.
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中国北京住宅护理设施选址的空间优化：可达性最大化
DOI：
10.1186/1476-072x-13-33
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Rosenberg MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tao Z;Cheng Y;Dai T;Rosenberg MW
研究背景北京市居家养老体系发展迅速，在养老服务中发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而，现有的研究表明，在利用现有的寄宿照料设施方面存在着明显的差距。迫切需要的空间优化的住宅护理设施（RCF）的位置，以促进平等获得住宅护理资源之间的老年人population.MethodsA两步浮动集水区的方法与一个额外的距离衰减功能，采用测量可达性的住宅护理设施。空间优化模型的开发，以最大限度地提高公平的可达性，通过最小化的总平方差之间的可达性得分的每个需求位置和加权平均可达性得分。粒子群优化（PSO）方法实施的solution.ResultsThe优化的RCF布局提高平等的空间访问住宅护理资源，具有非常低的可访问性标准差（0.0066）。在北京市中心城区和外围城区之间的郊区，床位数量相对较多（占床位总数的51%）。优化了位于中心区和外围区的少量床位（分别为33%和16%）。现有布局与优化布局的差距表明，郊区需要更多的农村合作医疗床位（5961张），而位于中心区和外围区的一些街道的农村合作医疗床位则供过于求（分别为5253张和1584张）。本研究的优化目标与传统的设施选址优化模型不同，该方法可以有效地最大限度地实现居民平等获得住宿护理设施的机会。此方法可支援以知识为基础的政策制定和住宿照顾设施的规划。
BackgroundThe residential care system is rapidly developing and plays an increasingly important role in care for the elderly in Beijing. A noticeable disparity in the accessibility to existing residential care facilities, however, is demonstrated in existing studies. The spatial optimization of residential care facility (RCF) locations is urgently needed to promote equal access to residential care resources among the elderly population.MethodsA two-step floating catchment area method with an additional distance-decay function is adopted to measure accessibility to residential care facilities. The spatial optimization model is developed to maximize equity in accessibility by minimizing the total square difference between the accessibility score of each demand location and the weighted average accessibility score. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is implemented for the solution.ResultsThe optimized RCF layouts improve equal spatial access to residential care resources with very low accessibility standard variation (0.0066). A relatively large number of beds (51% of the total beds) to be located in the suburban districts between the central and periphery districts of Beijing are optimized. A smaller number of beds to be located in the central and periphery districts (33% and 16% respectively) are optimized. The gaps between the existing and optimized layouts suggest that more RCF beds (5961 beds) are needed in suburban districts, while the RCF beds in some subdistricts located in the central and periphery districts are oversupplied (5253 and 1584 surplus beds respectively).ConclusionsThe optimized results correspond to the municipal special plan proposed by the Beijing government. The optimization objective of this study is different from traditional facility location optimization models, and the method is efficient in maximizing equal access to residential care facilities. This method can support knowledge-based policy-making and planning of residential care facilities.