The Australian drug harms ranking study
The Australian drug harms ranking study
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DOI：
10.1177/0269881119841569
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Castle, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bonomo, Yvonne;Norman, Amanda;Castle, David
背景/目的：本研究的目的是审查药物危害，因为它们发生在澳大利亚使用多标准决策分析（MCDA）的方法，在其他司法管辖区的早期研究中采用。方法：与来自澳大利亚各地的25名专家举行了一次促进讲习班，根据16项标准对22种药物进行评分：9项与药物对个人的危害有关，7项与对他人的危害有关。主持人通过军事和民防资源的方法和原则向与会者提供指导。在公开讨论中，根据每个标准对每种药物进行评分。然后使用摆动加权过程对标准进行加权。评分记录在MCDA软件工具中。结果如下：MCDA模型显示，对使用者最有害的物质是芬太尼（部分得分50）、海洛因（部分得分45）和甲基苯丙胺晶体（部分得分42）。对他人最有害的物质是酒精（部分得分41）、甲基苯丙胺晶体（部分得分24）和香烟/烟草（部分得分14）。总体而言，酒精是最有害的药物，当对使用者的伤害和对他人的伤害相结合时。一项补充分析考虑到了每种物质在澳大利亚的流行率。酒精再次被列为总体上最有害的物质，其次是香烟、甲基苯丙胺晶体、大麻、海洛因和药用类阿片。结论：这项研究的结果作出了重要贡献，新兴的国际毒品危害的图片。他们强调了酒精造成的持久和普遍的危害。政策影响和建议进行了讨论。减少酒精和甲基苯丙胺危害的政策应成为优先事项。
Background/Aim: The aim of the current study was to review drug harms as they occur in Australia using the Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodology adopted in earlier studies in other jurisdictions. Method: A facilitated workshop with 25 experts from across Australia, was held to score 22 drugs on 16 criteria: 9 related to harms that a drug produces in the individual and 7 to harms to others. Participants were guided by facilitators through the methodology and principles of MCDA. In open discussion, each drug was scored on each criterion. The criteria were then weighted using a process of swing weighting. Scoring was captured in MCDA software tool. Results: MCDA modelling showed the most harmful substances to users were fentanyls (part score 50), heroin (part score 45) and crystal methamphetamine (part score 42). The most harmful substances to others were alcohol (part score 41), crystal methamphetamine (part score 24) and cigarettes/tobacco (part score 14). Overall, alcohol was the most harmful drug when harm to users and harm to others was combined. A supplementary analysis took into consideration the prevalence of each substance in Australia. Alcohol was again ranked the most harmful substance overall, followed by cigarettes, crystal methamphetamine, cannabis, heroin and pharmaceutical opioids. Conclusions: The results of this study make an important contribution to the emerging international picture of drug harms. They highlight the persistent and pervasive harms caused by alcohol. Policy implications and recommendations are discussed. Policies to reduce harm from alcohol and methamphetamine should be a priority.