Persistent CO(2) emissions and hydrothermal unrest following the 2015 earthquake in Nepal.
Persistent CO(2) emissions and hydrothermal unrest following the 2015 earthquake in Nepal.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-018-05138-z
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发表时间：
2018-07-27
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Perrier F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Girault F;Adhikari LB;France-Lanord C;Agrinier P;Koirala BP;Bhattarai M;Mahat SS;Groppo C;Rolfo F;Bollinger L;Perrier F
余震分布或地震对近地表含水层的影响证明了流体与地震的相互作用，表明地震动态地影响地壳的渗透性。与地震活动相关的二氧化碳（CO2）排放实例进一步支持了中地壳和地表之间的联系，迄今为止仅在岩浆环境中观察到。在此，我们报告了 2015 年 4 月 25 日致命的廓尔喀地震（震级 Mw = 7.8）之后尼泊尔喜马拉雅山前部壮观的非火山二氧化碳排放和热液扰动。数据明确显示，地震发生后，相隔 10 公里以上的多个地点出现了二氧化碳排放，有时会延迟数月，这与热液排放的持续变化（包括完全停止）有关。这些观测结果表明，喜马拉雅热液系统对地震同震和震后变形敏感，导致活动造山带非稳态释放变质二氧化碳。可能的震前效应需要进一步确认。地震很少影响非岩浆环境中的热液系统。在此，作者报告了 2015 年尼泊尔地震引发的二氧化碳爆发和热液扰动，揭示了喜马拉雅热液系统对震中、震后和可能的震前变形的高度敏感性。
Fluid–earthquake interplay, as evidenced by aftershock distributions or earthquake-induced effects on near-surface aquifers, has suggested that earthquakes dynamically affect permeability of the Earth’s crust. The connection between the mid-crust and the surface was further supported by instances of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with seismic activity, so far only observed in magmatic context. Here we report spectacular non-volcanic CO2 emissions and hydrothermal disturbances at the front of the Nepal Himalayas following the deadly 25 April 2015 Gorkha earthquake (moment magnitude Mw = 7.8). The data show unambiguously the appearance, after the earthquake, sometimes with a delay of several months, of CO2 emissions at several sites separated by > 10 kilometres, associated with persistent changes in hydrothermal discharges, including a complete cessation. These observations reveal that Himalayan hydrothermal systems are sensitive to co- and post- seismic deformation, leading to non-stationary release of metamorphic CO2 from active orogens. Possible pre-seismic effects need further confirmation. Earthquakes rarely affect hydrothermal systems in non-magmatic context. Here the authors report outbursts of CO2 and hydrothermal disturbances triggered by the 2015 Nepal earthquake, revealing high sensitivity of Himalayan hydrothermal systems to co-, post- and possibly pre- seismic deformation.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Elkhoury, Jean E.;Brodsky, Emily E.;Agnew, Duncan C.
通讯作者：
Agnew, Duncan C.
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Cox, S. C.;Menzies, C. D.;Teagle, D. A. H.
通讯作者：
Teagle, D. A. H.
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Groppo, Chiara;Rolfo, Franco;Mosca, Pietro
通讯作者：
Mosca, Pietro
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Gualandi, Adriano;Avouac, Jean-Philippe;Liu-Zeng, Jing
通讯作者：
Liu-Zeng, Jing
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Fischer, T.;Matyska, C.;Heinicke, J.
通讯作者：
Heinicke, J.