The grammatical category of gender in early Middle English
The grammatical category of gender in early Middle English
复制标题
早期中古英语性别的语法范畴
DOI：
10.1080/00138386708597277
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发表时间：
1967
期刊：
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
C. Jones
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Jones
在古英语晚期的诺森伯兰语文本中，性别的语法范畴可以说以三种主要方式表现出来。首先，它在相当大的程度上保持完整，作为一个自动选择关系或“形式意外”的系统，它的三个指数和语言外的数据之间可能会或可能不会显示相关性。这种相关性的扩展，特别是在中性范畴下包括无生命的东西，标志着这一时期的第二个显著特征，而第三个特征则表现为（出于功能原因）在语法上强调融合性别语素的一个特定方面，而牺牲另一个方面。[2]换句话说，表示性别范畴的融合语素（在名词性词组结构中以m/q操作）的那一部分被放弃，而代之以表示句子结构中各个项目之间关系的另一部分。本文作者认为，最后提到的发展具有特殊的意义和意义，因为它可以用来澄清在中古英语早期的文本中，关于性别类别的一种非常不同的情况，在细节上有一些变化。无论如何，总的来说，证据似乎表明，这种性质的语法子系统在两个时期的书面文献中都享有相当高的地位，它的出现频率，至少在一个文本中，将使我们得出这样的结论：它也代表了口语媒介的一个共同特征。本文主要考察了中古英语早期语篇中所谓的一致性性别标准（即名词组中前置和后置中心语修饰语mq-及其二级结构doe-与中心语h之间的选择关系）。采取，作为一个广泛的分工，该地区通常被称为盎格鲁和非盎格鲁，我们将包括，从前者，该彼得伯勒
The grammatical category of gender can be said to manifest itself in three main ways in Northumbrian texts of the late Old English period. In the first place, it remains intact, to a considerable degree, as a system of automatic choice relationships or'formal accidents' which may or may not show correlation between its three exponents and extra-linguistic data. The extension of this correlation, especially as regards the inclusion of inanimates under the neuter category, marks its second distinguishing feature in the period, 1 while the third takes the form of the grammatical emphasis (for functional reasons) of one particular facet of the fused gender morpheme at the expense of the other. 2 In other words, that part of the fused morpheme (operating at m/q in nominal group structure) which indicates gender/sex categories, is being waived in favour of another which shows the relationship between the various items in sentence structure. It is the present writer's belief that the last mentioned development is of particular significance and interest since it can be used, with some variation in detail, to clarify what appears to be a very different situation, as regards the gender categories, in texts of the early Middle English period. At any rate, the evidence as a whole seems to suggest that a grammatical subsystem of this nature enjoyed a considerable status in written documents of both periods, and its frequency, in one text at least, would lead us to conclude that it represents a common feature of the spoken medium as well. This paper will be mainly concerned with an examination of the so-called congruential gender criteria (ie the choice relationship between pre and post head modifiers—mq—and their secondary structures—doe—with the head word (h) in the nominal group) in a number of early Middle English texts grouped according to their dialectal provenance. Taking, as a broad division, the areas commonly referred to as Anglian and non-Anglian, we shall include, from the former, The Peterborough