TERMINOLOGY IN THERMAL INFRARED REMOTE-SENSING OF NATURAL SURFACES
TERMINOLOGY IN THERMAL INFRARED REMOTE-SENSING OF NATURAL SURFACES
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DOI：
10.1016/0168-1923(95)02259-z
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发表时间：
1995-12-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
BECKER, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
NORMAN, JM;BECKER, F
本文概述了一个统一的自然表面热红外遥感术语。“冠层温度”和“表面温度”等术语应限于一般的定性描述，而定向辐射温度、半球发射率、空气动力学温度或用于技术精度的半球定向反射率等术语应限于一般的定性描述。并对半球方向热反射率与方向热发射率之间的关系进行了讨论。辐射率有两种：e-辐射率和r-辐射率。通过使用详细的模型的方向热发射率和双向反射，我们建议，在植被的温度梯度的影响方向发射率通常会导致小于0.005的不确定性。此外，在估计表面温度时出现的不确定性对于自然表面的遥感目的而言并不总是可以忽略的，这种不确定性是由于每个处于不同温度的黑体的集合不具有黑体辐射率随温度的分布而产生的。平均热力学温度和总体辐射温度之间的差异可能为1 K或更大，即使大气窗口（8-14 μ m）中不同波长带的总体辐射温度的差异通常小于0.1 K。
A consistent nomenclature for thermal infrared remote sensing of natural surfaces is outlined in this paper. Terms such as 'canopy temperature' and 'surface temperature' should be confined to general, qualitative descriptions and terms such as directional radiometric temperature, hemispherical emissivity, aerodynamic temperature, or hemispherical-directional reflectance used for technical precision. Some discussion also is included on the relation between hemispherical-directional thermal reflectance and directional thermal emissivity. A distinction is made between two kinds of emissivity; e-emissivity and r-emissivity. Through use of detailed models of directional thermal emissivity and bidirectional reflectance, we suggest that the influence of temperature gradients in vegetation on directional emissivity usually will cause uncertainties of less than 0.005. In addition, uncertainties that occur in estimating surface temperature, which arise because an ensemble of black bodies each at a different temperature does not have a black body radiance distribution with temperature, will not always be negligible for purposes of remote sensing of natural surfaces. Differences between mean thermodynamic and ensemble radiometric temperatures of 1 K or larger are possible even though differences in ensemble radiometric temperatures for different wavelength bands in the atmospheric window (8-14 mu m) usually will be less than 0.1 K.