Liposomes as vaccine delivery systems: a review of the recent advances.
Liposomes as vaccine delivery systems: a review of the recent advances.
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DOI：
10.1177/2051013614541440
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Schwendener, Reto A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schwendener, Reto A
脂质体和脂质体衍生的纳米囊泡如古细菌体和病毒体已成为疫苗开发中的重要载体系统，并且对基于脂质体的疫苗的兴趣显著增加。一般而言，脂质体、古细菌体和病毒体，特别是基于脂质体的疫苗递送系统的关键优点是它们的多功能性和可塑性。可以选择脂质体组合物和制剂以实现所需的特征，例如选择脂质、电荷、大小、大小分布、包埋和抗原或佐剂的位置。根据化学性质，水溶性抗原（蛋白质、肽、核酸、碳水化合物、半抗原）被截留在脂质体的水性内部空间内，而亲脂性化合物（脂肽、抗原、佐剂、接头分子）被插入脂质双层中，并且抗原或佐剂可以通过吸附或稳定的化学连接附着到脂质体表面。含有不同类型抗原或佐剂的共制剂可以与所提及的参数组合以定制用于个体应用的脂质体疫苗。特别强调的是在这篇评论中的阳离子佐剂脂质体疫苗制剂。介绍了用CAF 01制成的疫苗的实例，CAF 01是一种由合成的免疫刺激分枝杆菌索状因子糖脂海藻糖二山嵛酸酯作为免疫调节剂和阳离子膜形成分子二甲基双十八烷基铵组成的佐剂。还提到了其他疫苗，如阳离子脂质体-DNA复合物（CLDCs）和其他佐剂，如胞壁酰二肽、单磷酰脂质A和溶血素O。脂质体和基于脂质体的疫苗的领域是广阔的。因此，本综述集中在最近的相关研究，强调目前的报告处理研究最多的抗原和佐剂，以及相关的疫苗的例子。本文还对兽用脂质体疫苗和实验性治疗性肿瘤疫苗的研究进行了综述。
Liposomes and liposome-derived nanovesicles such as archaeosomes and virosomes have become important carrier systems in vaccine development and the interest for liposome-based vaccines has markedly increased. A key advantage of liposomes, archaeosomes and virosomes in general, and liposome-based vaccine delivery systems in particular, is their versatility and plasticity. Liposome composition and preparation can be chosen to achieve desired features such as selection of lipid, charge, size, size distribution, entrapment and location of antigens or adjuvants. Depending on the chemical properties, water-soluble antigens (proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, haptens) are entrapped within the aqueous inner space of liposomes, whereas lipophilic compounds (lipopeptides, antigens, adjuvants, linker molecules) are intercalated into the lipid bilayer and antigens or adjuvants can be attached to the liposome surface either by adsorption or stable chemical linking. Coformulations containing different types of antigens or adjuvants can be combined with the parameters mentioned to tailor liposomal vaccines for individual applications. Special emphasis is given in this review to cationic adjuvant liposome vaccine formulations. Examples of vaccines made with CAF01, an adjuvant composed of the synthetic immune-stimulating mycobacterial cordfactor glycolipid trehalose dibehenate as immunomodulator and the cationic membrane forming molecule dimethyl dioctadecylammonium are presented. Other vaccines such as cationic liposome-DNA complexes (CLDCs) and other adjuvants like muramyl dipeptide, monophosphoryl lipid A and listeriolysin O are mentioned as well. The field of liposomes and liposome-based vaccines is vast. Therefore, this review concentrates on recent and relevant studies emphasizing current reports dealing with the most studied antigens and adjuvants, and pertinent examples of vaccines. Studies on liposome-based veterinary vaccines and experimental therapeutic cancer vaccines are also summarized.