Evolutionary History of the NLR Gene Families Across Lophotrochozoans.
Evolutionary History of the NLR Gene Families Across Lophotrochozoans.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gene.2022.146807
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发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Xiaofei Zhu;K. Mu;Y. Wan;Linlin Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiaofei Zhu;K. Mu;Y. Wan;Linlin Zhang
nod样受体（NLR）基因是动植物重要的先天免疫受体。和光虫是包括软体动物、节虫、扁虫、苔藓虫和其他无脊椎动物在内的物种最丰富的上门之一，对我们理解双边动物免疫系统的进化至关重要。然而，nlrs在光线虫中尚未被系统地描述。我们对185NLRsin 29个光虫基因组进行了注释，并分析了它们的结构域组织、系统发育分布、分子进化和基因表达。我们发现，研究的24个软体动物基因组编码的enlr不超过3个。这些软体动物在8种病原菌感染下均未表现出诱导表达模式；一些软体动物的cannlrs表现出发育阶段特异性的表达模式。相反，29个编码NACHT结构域缺失蛋白的软体动物incompleteNLR（incNLR）基因在病原体感染下表达上调。我们还记录了nlr1在多毛纲和翼纲分支中的物种特异性扩展。研究表明，基因重复、结构域改组、基因丢失和新的表达模式在nlrs的分子进化中发挥了重要作用。
NOD-like receptor (NLR) genes are critical innate immune receptors in animals and plants. Lophotrochozoans represent one of the most species-rich superphyla that includes molluscs, segmented worms, flatworms, bryozoans, and other invertebrates, which is crucial to our understanding of immune system evolution in bilaterians. However,NLRshave not been systematically described in lophotrochozoans. We annotated 185NLRsin 29 lophotrochozoan genomes, and analyzed their domain organization, phylogenetic distribution, molecular evolution, and gene expression. We found that all the 24 molluscan genomes studied encoded no more than threeNLRs. None of these molluscanNLRsrepresented an inducible expression pattern under the infection of eight pathogens; some molluscanNLRsshowed developmental stage-specific expression patterns. Instead, 29 molluscan incompleteNLR(incNLR) genes, encoding for proteins absent in the NACHT domain were upregulated under pathogen infection. We also documented the species-specific expansion ofNLRsin the clades Polychaeta and Pteriidae. Our study revealed that gene duplication, domain shuffling, gene loss, and novel expression pattern played important roles in the molecular evolution ofNLRs.