Identifying High-energy Neutrino Transients by Neutrino Multiplet-triggered Follow-ups
Identifying High-energy Neutrino Transients by Neutrino Multiplet-triggered Follow-ups
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DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ac8dfd
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发表时间：
2022-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Yoshida;K. Murase;Masaomi Tanaka;N. Shimizu;A. Ishihara
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作者：
S. Yoshida;K. Murase;Masaomi Tanaka;N. Shimizu;A. Ishihara
超新星（SNe）和潮汐破裂事件等瞬变源是高能中微子源的候选者。然而，SNe通常发生在宇宙中，它们与中微子信号的偶然巧合是不可避免的，这可能导致声称它们与中微子发射有关的挑战。为了克服这一困难，我们提出了一个搜索的时间尺度内的100 - 100 TeV的多个中微子事件的100 - 30天来自同一方向，称为中微子多重。我们表明，要求多重检测由一个101公里3中微子望远镜限制了可检测的中微子源的距离，这使我们能够确定源对应的多波长观测由于瞬态的机会重合检测率大大降低。我们应用我们的研究结果，通过构建一个可行的战略，光学后续观察和证明，宽视场光学望远镜与104米碟应该能够识别与中微子多重态的瞬态。我们还提出了多重态中微子探测的灵敏度作为中微子释放能量和爆发率密度的函数。发射能量大于几× 1051尔格且爆发率小于几× 10 - 8 Mpc-3 yr-1的中微子瞬态源模型受到101 km 3尺度中微子望远镜对多重态的零检测的约束。这已经不利于典型的高亮度伽马射线爆发和喷射潮汐破坏事件作为TeV能量中微子天空中的主要来源。
Transient sources such as supernovae (SNe) and tidal disruption events are candidates of high-energy neutrino sources. However, SNe commonly occur in the universe and a chance coincidence of their detection with a neutrino signal cannot be avoided, which may lead to a challenge of claiming their association with neutrino emission. In order to overcome this difficulty, we propose a search for ∼10–100 TeV multiple neutrino events within a timescale of ∼30 days coming from the same direction, called neutrino multiplets. We show that demanding multiplet detection by a ∼1 km3 neutrino telescope limits the distances of detectable neutrino sources, which enables us to identify source counterparts by multiwavelength observations owing to the substantially reduced rate of the chance coincidence detection of transients. We apply our results by constructing a feasible strategy for optical follow-up observations and demonstrate that wide-field optical telescopes with a ≳4 m dish should be capable of identifying a transient associated with a neutrino multiplet. We also present the resultant sensitivity of multiplet neutrino detection as a function of the released energy of neutrinos and burst rate density. A model of neutrino transient sources with an emission energy greater than a few × 1051 erg and a burst rate rarer than a few ×10−8 Mpc−3 yr−1 is constrained by the null detection of multiplets by a ∼1 km3 scale neutrino telescope. This already disfavors the canonical high-luminosity gamma-ray bursts and jetted tidal disruption events as major sources in the TeV-energy neutrino sky.