Non-signalling energy use in the brain.
Non-signalling energy use in the brain.
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282517
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发表时间：
2015-08-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Attwell D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engl E;Attwell D
能量的使用限制了大脑的信息处理能力。然而，除了用于电信号的ATP外，大脑能量消耗的很大一部分与信息处理没有直接关系。大脑在非信号过程中花费了不到一半的能量，但对于哪些任务对大脑来说是如此耗费能量，人们仍然知之甚少。我们回顾了亚细胞过程的现有实验数据，这些数据可能有助于这种非信号能量的使用，并提供建模估计，试图评估其ATP消耗的大小，并考虑其病理变化如何损害神经元功能。令人惊讶的是，在肌动蛋白跑步的能量消耗上，几乎没有达成共识，估计从大脑全球能量预算的1%到神经元能量消耗的一半不等。据估计，微管跑步和蛋白质合成只占大脑能量预算的很小一部分，而有更有力的证据表明，脂质合成和线粒体质子泄漏在能量上是昂贵的。我们需要进一步进行大量的研究，以填补这些关于大脑能量昂贵的非信号任务的知识空白。
Energy use limits the information processing power of the brain. However, apart from the ATP used to power electrical signalling, a significant fraction of the brain's energy consumption is not directly related to information processing. The brain spends just under half of its energy on non-signalling processes, but it remains poorly understood which tasks are so energetically costly for the brain. We review existing experimental data on subcellular processes that may contribute to this non-signalling energy use, and provide modelling estimates, to try to assess the magnitude of their ATP consumption and consider how their changes in pathology may compromise neuronal function. As a main result, surprisingly little consensus exists on the energetic cost of actin treadmilling, with estimates ranging from < 1% of the brain's global energy budget up to one-half of neuronal energy use. Microtubule treadmilling and protein synthesis have been estimated to account for very small fractions of the brain's energy budget, whereas there is stronger evidence that lipid synthesis and mitochondrial proton leak are energetically expensive. Substantial further research is necessary to close these gaps in knowledge about the brain's energy-expensive non-signalling tasks.