Relationship between flightlessness and brain morphology among Rallidae
Relationship between flightlessness and brain morphology among Rallidae
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蜂科动物不飞性与脑形态的关系
DOI：
10.1111/joa.13690
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Masaki Shimada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tatsuro Nakao;Takeshi Yamasaki;Naomichi Ogihara;Masaki Shimada
研究表明，鸟类的脑形态和飞行能力是相互关联的，然而，这种关系还没有得到彻底的研究。本研究的目的是研究飞行能力，飞跑或不会飞，是否会影响脑形态（大小和形状）在Rallidae，这已经独立地进化到适应继发性flightlessness多次在一个单一的分类组。从颅骨的计算机断层扫描图像中提取脑内模，通过3D几何形态测量法测量，并使用主成分分析进行分析。系统发育ANCOVA的结果表明，不会飞的轨道有大脑的大小和形状，显着大于和不同于那些会飞的轨道，即使在考虑身体质量和大脑大小的影响分别。无飞行轨道往往有一个更广泛的端脑和更先进的定位枕骨大孔比飞行轨道。虽然大脑是一个需要大量代谢能量的器官，但由于体重较轻，选择压力降低，可能使不会飞的铁轨拥有更大的大脑。不能飞行的进化可能使枕骨大孔的位置向下改变，这使得更重的颅骨能够支撑。更大的大脑可能促进了认知高级行为的获得，例如在铁轨之间使用工具的行为。
Studies have suggested that the brain morphology and flight ability of Aves are interrelated; however, such a relationship has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to examine whether flight ability, volant or flightless, affects brain morphology (size and shape) in the Rallidae, which has independently evolved to adapt secondary flightlessness multiple times within a single taxonomic group. Brain endocasts were extracted from computed tomography images of the crania, measured by 3D geometric morphometrics, and were analyzed using principal component analysis. The results of phylogenetic ANCOVA showed that flightless rails have brain sizes and shapes that are significantly larger than and different from those of volant rails, even after considering the effects of body mass and brain size respectively. Flightless rails tended to have a wider telencephalon and more inferiorly positioned foramen magnum than volant rails. Although the brain is an organ that requires a large amount of metabolic energy, reduced selective pressure for a lower body weight may have allowed flightless rails to have larger brains. The evolution of flightlessness may have changed the position of the foramen magnum downward, which would have allowed the support of the heavier cranium. The larger brain may have facilitated the acquisition of cognitively advanced behavior, such as tool‐using behavior, among rails.