Beyond the Hashtags: #Ferguson, #Blacklivesmatter, and the Online Struggle for Offline Justice
Beyond the Hashtags: #Ferguson, #Blacklivesmatter, and the Online Struggle for Offline Justice
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DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2747066
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发表时间：
2016
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Meredith D. Clark
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作者：
Deen Freelon;Charlton D. McIlwain;Meredith D. Clark
2014年，一个专门的活动家运动-黑人生命问题（BLM）-引发了一场关于警察杀害手无寸铁的黑人公民的紧急全国对话。在线工具被认为是这一努力的关键，但研究人员才刚刚开始评估这一说法。本研究报告调查了该运动在2014年和2015年对网络媒体的使用情况。为此，我们分析了三种类型的数据：4080万条推文，超过10万个网络链接，以及对BLM活动家和盟友的40次采访。该报告的大部分内容都致力于详细介绍我们的调查结果，其中包括：* 虽然#Blacklivesmatter标签是在2013年7月创建的，但它在2014年夏天很少使用，直到弗格森抗议活动后的几个月才开始表示运动。活动人士在社交媒体上的帖子对于在全国范围内传播迈克尔·布朗的故事至关重要。抗议者和他们的支持者通常能够在Twitter上传播他们自己的叙述，而不依赖于主流新闻媒体。在2014年和2015年，有六个主要社区一直在Twitter上讨论警察暴行：Black Lives Matter，匿名/两党报告，黑人艺人，保守派，主流新闻和年轻黑人Twitter。我们观察到的绝大多数社区都支持为受害者伸张正义，并坚决谴责警察的暴行。黑人青年经常在Twitter上讨论警察的暴行，但讨论的方式与活动家们的讨论方式有很大的不同。活动家们成功地在Twitter上教育了旁观者的证据主要有两种形式：对警察对弗格森抗议活动的暴力反应表示敬畏和怀疑，以及保守派承认埃里克·加纳和沃尔特·斯科特案件中的警察暴行。受访者使用社交媒体的主要目的是教育、扩大边缘化声音和结构性警察改革。在我们的结论部分，我们反思了我们发现的实际重要性和影响。我们希望这份报告有助于关于黑人生活问题和相关运动如何使用在线工具的具体对话，以及关于这些工具促进社会和政治变革的一般能力的更广泛对话。
In 2014, a dedicated activist movement — Black Lives Matter (BLM) — ignited an urgent national conversation about police killings of unarmed Black citizens. Online tools have been anecdotally credited as critical in this effort, but researchers are only beginning to evaluate this claim. This research report examines the movement’s uses of online media in 2014 and 2015. To do so, we analyze three types of data: 40.8 million tweets, over 100,000 web links, and 40 interviews of BLM activists and allies. Most of the report is devoted to detailing our findings, which include: *Although the #Blacklivesmatter hashtag was created in July 2013, it was rarely used through the summer of 2014 and did not come to signify a movement until the months after the Ferguson protests.*Social media posts by activists were essential in spreading Michael Brown’s story nationally.* Protesters and their supporters were generally able to circulate their own narratives on Twitter without relying on mainstream news outlets.* There are six major communities that consistently discussed police brutality on Twitter in 2014 and 2015: Black Lives Matter, Anonymous/Bipartisan Report, Black Entertainers, Conservatives, Mainstream News, and Young Black Twitter.* The vast majority of the communities we observed supported justice for the victims and decisively denounced police brutality.* Black youth discussed police brutality frequently on Twitter, but in ways that differed substantially from how activists discussed it.* Evidence that activists succeeded in educating casual observers on Twitter came in two main forms: expressions of awe and disbelief at the violent police reactions to the Ferguson protests, and conservative admissions of police brutality in the Eric Garner and Walter Scott cases.* The primary goals of social media use among our interviewees were education, amplification of marginalized voices, and structural police reform.In our concluding section, we reflect on the practical importance and implications of our findings. We hope this report contributes to the specific conversation about how Black Lives Matter and related movements have used online tools as well as to broader conversations about the general capacity of such tools to facilitate social and political change.