Iron Acquisition Mechanisms and Their Role in the Virulence of Burkholderia Species.
Iron Acquisition Mechanisms and Their Role in the Virulence of Burkholderia Species.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2017.00460
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Thomas MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butt AT;Thomas MS
伯克霍尔德氏菌是变形杆菌科(β-Protebacteriaceae)中的一个属，它至少包含90个命名正确的物种，可以在不同的环境中找到。许多致病物种出现在该属内。这些细菌包括伯克霍尔德氏菌和多食伯克霍尔德氏菌，这是一种可以感染囊性纤维化患者肺部的机会性病原体，是洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合体(BCC)的成员。假鼻疽伯克霍尔德氏菌也是一种条件致病菌，但与BCC种不同，它会引起热带人类疾病类鼻疽，而它的近亲马耳伯克霍尔德氏菌是马扁虱的病原体。这些病原体要在宿主体内存活并引起疾病，它们必须能够获得铁。由于其在许多酶和代谢过程中的重要作用，这种化学元素对几乎所有的生物都是必不可少的。在哺乳动物宿主中，可获得的游离铁的量可以忽略不计，这是因为金属离子在较高的氧化态下的溶解度较低，并且该元素与宿主蛋白质如铁蛋白和乳铁蛋白的紧密结合。和其他致病细菌一样，伯克霍尔德氏菌进化出了一系列从宿主环境中获取铁的机制。这些机制包括铁载体的生产和利用以及拥有一个血红素吸收系统。在这里，我们总结了致病伯克霍尔德氏菌获取铁的已知机制，并讨论了它们在毒力和宿主感染建立方面的重要性的证据。我们还进行了广泛的生物信息学分析，以确定每个伯克霍尔德氏菌种产生的对人类有致病性的铁载体。
Burkholderia is a genus within the β-Proteobacteriaceae that contains at least 90 validly named species which can be found in a diverse range of environments. A number of pathogenic species occur within the genus. These include Burkholderia cenocepacia and Burkholderia multivorans, opportunistic pathogens that can infect the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis, and are members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). Burkholderia pseudomallei is also an opportunistic pathogen, but in contrast to Bcc species it causes the tropical human disease melioidosis, while its close relative Burkholderia mallei is the causative agent of glanders in horses. For these pathogens to survive within a host and cause disease they must be able to acquire iron. This chemical element is essential for nearly all living organisms due to its important role in many enzymes and metabolic processes. In the mammalian host, the amount of accessible free iron is negligible due to the low solubility of the metal ion in its higher oxidation state and the tight binding of this element by host proteins such as ferritin and lactoferrin. As with other pathogenic bacteria, Burkholderia species have evolved an array of iron acquisition mechanisms with which to capture iron from the host environment. These mechanisms include the production and utilization of siderophores and the possession of a haem uptake system. Here, we summarize the known mechanisms of iron acquisition in pathogenic Burkholderia species and discuss the evidence for their importance in the context of virulence and the establishment of infection in the host. We have also carried out an extensive bioinformatic analysis to identify which siderophores are produced by each Burkholderia species that is pathogenic to humans.