Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis assemblages among dairy herds in the New York City Watershed
Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis assemblages among dairy herds in the New York City Watershed
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.09.030
复制
发表时间：
2012-04-30
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Mohammed, Hussni O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mark-Carew, Miguella P.;Wade, Susan E.;Mohammed, Hussni O.
为确定纽约市分水岭奶牛十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫感染的累积发病率，进行了纵向牛群水平研究。我们还试图评估被诊断为脱失贾第鞭毛虫的动物感染模式随时间的变化，确定可能与十二指肠贾第虫感染相关的危险因素，并识别潜在的人畜共患感染。从纽约市分水岭34个农场的奶牛身上随机采集了2109份季节性粪便样本。通过硫酸锌浮选，共鉴定出504份贾第虫阳性样本。根据浮选结果，十二指肠球虫的总累积发病率为23.9%，其中73.8%的感染发生在180日龄以下的动物(372/504)。感染强度为2~563,200个包囊/克粪便。牛排出隐孢子虫。与不排出卵囊的动物相比，卵囊排出十二指肠胃囊的可能性增加了一倍(1.81 95%CI 1.26-2.60 p=0.0012)。在多变量分析中，只有动物的年龄和农场中狗的存在与十二指肠蠕虫脱落的可能性显著相关。从阳性标本中提取DNA，用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对贾第鞭毛虫的β-Giardin和磷酸丙糖异构酶基因进行分析。对304个样本进行了聚合酶链式反应分析，其中131个样本进行了测序。22.1%的测序样品被鉴定为A组，77.9%被鉴定为E组。有趣的是，100%被鉴定为A组的样品来自84日龄以下的小牛，这表明年轻的牛是十二指肠吸虫潜在的人畜共患病组合的重要储存库。(C)2011爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
A longitudinal herd-level study was carried out to determine the cumulative incidence of Giardia duodenalis infections in dairy cattle in the New York City Watershed. We also sought to assess the changes in infection pattern of animals diagnosed as shedding Giardia over time, determine risk factors that may be associated with G. duodenalis infections, and identify potentially zoonotic infections. A total of 2109 fecal samples were randomly collected from dairy cattle at 34 farms in the New York City Watershed on a seasonal basis. A total of 504 Giardia-positive samples were identified by zinc sulfate flotation. The overall cumulative incidence of G. duodenalis based on flotation results was 23.9% with 73.8% of all infections occurring in animals under 180 days of age (372/504). The intensity of infection ranged from 2 to 563,200 cysts/gram of feces. Cattle shedding Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were twice as likely to shed G. duodenalis cysts in comparison to the animals that did not shed oocysts (1.81 95% Cl 1.26-2.60 p = 0.0012). In the multivariate analysis, only the age of the animal and the presence of dogs on the farm were significantly associated with the likelihood of shedding G. duodenalis. DNA was extracted from positive samples and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the beta-giardin and triosephosphate isomerase genes of Giardia spp. 304 samples were analyzed by PCR of which 131 were sequenced. 22.1% of sequenced samples were identified as assemblage A and 77.9% were identified as assemblage E. Interestingly, 100% of specimens identified as assemblage A were from calves under 84 days of age indicating that younger cattle are important reservoirs for potentially zoonotic assemblages of G. duodenalis. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.