Studies and Upgrades on the C70 Cyclotron Arronax
Studies and Upgrades on the C70 Cyclotron Arronax
复制标题
C70 回旋加速器 Arronax 的研究和升级
DOI：
10.18429/jacow-cyclotrons2016-tud02
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Trichet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Poirier;F. Bulteau;J. Etienne;S. Girault;X. Goiziou;F. Gomez;Alexis Herbert;C. Huet;L. Lamouric;E. Macé;D. Poyac;H. Trichet
多粒子回旋加速器C70 Arronax自2010年开始全面运行，其RF运行时间在2015年增加到4400小时。该加速器用于各种各样的实验（物理横截面，放射性溶解，放射生物学）和放射性同位素生产。这需要运行7个量级的强度范围，从几pA到350a，以及大范围的粒子能量。机器和光束线的研究是不断需要的。用补偿线圈和四极体分别对回旋加速器内部和束流线进行了磁强扫描。这些扫描表征了机器的性能，有助于操作和减少颗粒损失。此外，正在设计波束损耗监测和控制系统，以进一步支持运行中的高强度和精度要求。此外，还设计了一种位于注入腔内的脉冲列α光束系统。通过专门的运行进行了原理验证。本文介绍了机器研究的结果和这些发展的现状。回旋加速器Arronax[1]（南特大西洋放射化学和肿瘤学研究加速器）自2010年开始运行，并于2011年开始其实践阶段[2]。Arronax逐渐增加了使用回旋加速器的小时数。回旋加速器在主回旋加速器穹窿[3]周围的六个穹窿中分别发射光束。其中五个拱顶用于高强度光束，第六个用于实验的光束线，专门用于低强度和超低强度（<100电帕）。放射性同位素生产的优先清单包括用于成像和治疗的同位素。它包括但不完全包括Sr、Cu、At和Ho。At需要在其中一条光束线上安装能量衰减器，而Ho需要使用中子激活器，强度均在10a以上。回旋加速器提供四种带正电的粒子（质子、α、氘核、HH+），它们的强度和能量可以根据实验需要进行调整。图1显示了每个粒子在目标上的作用范围图，强度从几nA到100sa，质子能量从32 MeV到70.3 MeV。质子和氘核具有最宽的能量范围，这主要是由于在Arronax对许多物理生产通道[4]进行了截面测量。2016年，在150A的目标温度下，Arronax开始了几次生产SR的质子作业，扩大了Arronax的生产能力。图1：使用4种颗粒的C70 Arronax的操作范围。回旋加速器的使用逐年增加，这里以射频小时数表示，如图2所示，2015年达到4400h，主要受人力限制。每年包括4次主要预防性维护，每周进行一次。此外，自2015年以来，Tribofilm的MaintiMedia计算机维护管理系统（CMMS）已经到位，以支持一般维护后续工作。图2：自2011年以来，截至2016年8月，RF每年累积时间，以及今年的估计。在运行开始时，对机器参数的设置进行系统调整，以增加Cyclotrons2016，苏黎世，瑞士TUD02回旋加速器应用程序ISBN 978-3-95450-167-0 235 C / year ight©2016 C C -B Y3。随着运行时间的延长和磁体元件温度的升高，主线圈等参数得到了优化。在新光束参数的情况下，例如，正在开发新的粒子能量和/或强度，计划进行系统的研究。这些研究包括传输速率和扫描在机器上的各种设置，如稍后所示。表1:3种主要粒子的透射率粒子在回旋加速器中的估计强度[A]透射率（end -of - line/injection）
The multi-particle cyclotron C70 Arronax is fully running since 2010 and its RF run time has increased up to 4400 hours in 2015. The accelerator is used for a wide variety of experiments (physics cross-sections, radiolysis, radiobiology) and radio-isotope productions. This requires runs with 7 orders of intensity range from a few pA up to 350 A and a large range of particles energy. Machine and beamline studies are continuously needed. For example magnet intensity scan inside the cyclotron and in the beamlines, respectively with compensation coils and the quadrupoles have been done. These scans caracterise performances of the machine and help both operations and mitigation of particle losses. Additionally beam loss monitors and control systems are being devised to support further the high intensity and precision requirements on the runs. Also a pulsed train alpha beam system located in the injection has been designed. The proof of principle with a dedicated run has been performed. The results of the machine studies and status of these developments are presented in this paper. INTRODUCTION The cyclotron Arronax [1] (Accelerator for Research in Radiochemistry and Oncology at Nantes Atlantique), running since 2010, the year of its commissioning, has started in 2011 its hands-on phase [2]. Arronax has gradually increased the number of hours it uses the cyclotron. The cyclotron delivers beams separately in six vaults surrounding the main cyclotron vault [3]. Five of the vaults are used for high intensity beams and the sixth one, beamline for experiments, is dedicated to low and ultralow intensity (<100 electric pA). The priority list for production of radio-isotopes covers both isotopes for imaging and therapy. It includes, but not exclusively, Sr, Cu, At and Ho. At requires an energy degrader that has been installed in one of the beamline and as for Ho, a neutronic activator is in use, all at intensities above 10A. RANGE OF OPERATION The cyclotron provides four types of positively charged particles (proton, alpha, deuterons, HH+) which intensity and energy can be modified according to the experimental needs. Figure 1 shows a map of the operation range for each particle at intensity from a few nA up to 100s of A on the target with energies from 32 MeV up to 70.3 MeV for protons. Protons and deuterons have the widest energy range mainly due to cross-section measurements being performed at Arronax on numerous physics production channels [4]. Several runs with protons for SR production have started in 2016 at 150A on target, extending the production capacities at Arronax. Figure 1: The operation range for the C70 Arronax with the 4 particles in use. THE MACHINE OPERATION The use of the cyclotron, here expressed in term of number of RF hours, has increased over the years up to 4400h in 2015 as shown in Fig.2, being limited mostly by manpower. Each year includes 4 main preventive maintenances that are performed over a week. Also, a Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) – MaintiMedia from Tribofilm, is in place since 2015, to support the general maintenance follow-ups. Figure 2: RF accumulated time per year since 2011 and as of august for 2016 and estimation for this year. The settings on the machine parameters at the beginning of a run are systematically adjusted to increase Proceedings of Cyclotrons2016, Zurich, Switzerland TUD02 Cyclotron Applications ISBN 978-3-95450-167-0 235 C op yr ig ht © 20 16 C C -B Y3. 0 an d by th e re sp ec tiv e au th or s the transmission rate and as the operation last and magnets elements temperature increase, parameters such as main coils are optimised. In the case of new beam parameters e.g. new particle energy and/or intensity, being developed, systematic studies are planned. The studies include transmission rate and also scans with various settings on the machine as shown later. Table 1: Transmission Rate for the 3 Main Particles Particles Estimated Intensity in cyclotron [A] Transmission rate (End-of_line/injection)