Scaling of size and dimorphism in primates II: Macroevolution
Scaling of size and dimorphism in primates II: Macroevolution
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DOI：
10.1007/s10764-005-9004-1
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gordon, AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gordon, AD
之前的研究人员在灵长类动物中发现了身体大小和性大小二态(SSD)的正比例，这被称为伦施规则。这种模式在Haplorhini中存在，但在Strepsirhini中不存在。我发现，大小和SSD之间的正向进化关联推动了Haplorhini作为一个整体以及Platyrrhini、CerCopithecinae、Colobinae和Hominoidae个体在属级和更高的水平上的正向缩放关系，但这些分支中的属内的进化关联通常是不显著的或负的。我认为，积极的进化相关性源于男性体型的变化大于女性体型的变化，通常是因为一夫多妻制群体的性别选择。我认为，负的进化相关性源于雌性体型的较大变化，这要么是由于自然选择，要么是由于性选择作用于一夫多妻制的种群。Haplorhini内负进化相关性的高发生率表明自然选择对SSD的影响相对较大，至少在同种人之间SSD的差异方面是如此。对于属内和超属进化模式的差异，我提出了两种可能的解释：1)自然选择是一种相对较弱的修改SSD的力量，只有在比较经历相似性别选择水平的相关物种时才有显著影响；2)自然选择是一种相对较强的修改SSD的力量，但由于这两种类型选择的死亡率的边际差异随着时间的累积效应，比性选择不太可能显著影响更高水平的分类比较。我讨论了检验这些解释所需的数据类型，以及对重建化石行为的影响。
Previous researchers found positive scaling of body size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in primates, known as Rensch's rule. The pattern is present in Haplorhini, but absent in Strepsirhini. I found that positive evolutionary correlations between size and SSD drive positive scaling relationships within Haplorhini as a whole and Platyrrhini, Cercopithecinae, Colobinae, and Hominoidea individually at the generic level and higher, but that evolutionary correlations within genera in these clades are often nonsignificant or negative. I suggest that positive evolutionary correlations result from greater change in male than in female size, usually because of sexual selection acting on polygynous populations. I suggest that negative evolutionary correlations result from greater change in female size, owing to either natural selection or, in Callitrichidae, sexual selection acting on polyandrous populations. The high incidence of negative evolutionary correlations within Haplorhini suggests a relatively large influence of natural selection on SSD, at least with regard to differences in SSD between congeners. I propose two possible explanations for the difference in intrageneric and supergeneric evolutionary patterns: 1) natural selection is a relatively weak force for modifying SSD and has a noticeable effect only when one compares related species experiencing similar levels of sexual selection, and 2) natural selection is a relatively strong force for modifying SSD but is less likely than sexual selection to affect higher level taxonomic comparisons noticeably because of the cumulative effect over time of marginal differences in mortality rates of these two types of selection. I discuss types of data required to test these explanations and implications for reconstructing fossil behavior.