Genomic Consequences of Background Effects on scalloped Mutant Expressivity in the Wing of Drosophila melanogaster
Genomic Consequences of Background Effects on scalloped Mutant Expressivity in the Wing of Drosophila melanogaster
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DOI：
10.1534/genetics.108.096453
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gibson, Greg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dworkin, Ian;Kennerly, Erin;Gibson, Greg
遗传背景效应有助于突变的表型序列，并普遍存在于已被研究的所有生命领域，但人们对它们如何改变遗传系统知之甚少。这在一定程度上是由于缺乏可处理的模型系统，这些模型系统已被明确开发来研究背景效应的遗传和进化后果。在这项研究中，我们证明了果蝇扇贝(E3)(SD(E3))突变的表型表达能力是背景依赖的，并且是结果。当然是在。最低限度。两个标准实验室野生型菌株之间的一个主要修饰物分离。我们提供的证据表明。至少有一个修饰物与残留区相连，并表明背景效应以一种与基因型相关的方式改变了已知SD靶基因的空间分布。此外，微阵列被用来检查遗传背景效应对全球转录组的影响。野生型菌株之间的表达差异与具有显著表型效应的突变的影响一样大或更大，并且野生型和突变体之间的表达差异在不同的遗传背景下差异显著。值得注意的是，我们证明了SD(E3)和一个视神经盲突变之间的上位性相互作用是背景相关的。这些结果是在对遗传背景效应的后果发展一种复杂但更现实的观点的背景下讨论的，这些背景效应涉及突变分析和自然种群中分离的上位性和隐蔽遗传变异的研究。
Genetic background effects contribute the phenotypic conseqeuences of mutations and are pervasive across all domains of life that have been examined, yet little is known about how they modify genetic systems. In part this is due to the lack of tractable model systems that have been explicitly developed to study the genetic and evolutionary consequences of background effects. In this study we demonstrate that phenotypic expressivity of the scalloped(E3) (sd(E3)) mutation of Drosophila melanogaster is background dependent and is the result. of at. least. one major modifier segregating between two standard lab wild-type strains. We provide evidence that. at least one of the modifiers is linked to the vestigial region and demonstrate that the background effects modify the spatial distribution of known sd target genes in a genotype-dependent manner. In addition, microarrays were used to examine the consequences of genetic background effects on the global transcriptome. Expression differences between wild-type strains were found to be as large as or larger than the effects of mutations with substantial phenotypic effects, and expression differerences between wild type and mutant varied significantly between genetic background. Significantly, we demonstrate that the epistatic interaction between sd(E3) and an optomotor blind mutation is background dependent. The results are discussed within the context of developing a complex but more realistic view of the consequences of genetic background effects with respect to mutational analysis and studies of epistasis and cryptic genetic variation segregating in natural populations.