Evaluation of manometric respiration tests to assess the effects of veterinary antibiotics in soil.
Evaluation of manometric respiration tests to assess the effects of veterinary antibiotics in soil.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.02.018
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发表时间：
2004-08
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
E. Vaclavik;B. Halling‐Sørensen;F. Ingerslev
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Vaclavik;B. Halling‐Sørensen;F. Ingerslev
兽药中抗菌剂的广泛使用导致环境暴露。主要关注的是微生物效应；包括对养分土壤循环和抗生素耐药性的影响。有必要评估这些化合物对环境的影响。标准化指南的应用与许多化合物的研究有关。然而，目前还缺乏专门针对抗生素的检测方法。我们验证压力测试瓶使用葡萄糖和顽固性除草剂。然后使用两个目标功能（好氧生物降解和碳转化）来研究这些测试对研究抗菌剂的适用性。采用高效液相色谱法测定了化合物的稳定性。在生物降解试验中，对土壤呼吸总量的影响是直接的，与背景有显著差异。我们表明化合物不作为底物起作用，因此影响是由于其他土壤过程，与吸收特性密切相关，不依赖于剂量。该测试提供了对土壤微生物的相对抗菌效力的详细信息，并可用于对化合物进行排序。然而，该试验并未提供有关特定微生物作用的性质或程度的详细信息。相比之下，碳转化试验更具体，并提供了可重复的剂量效应关系指示，更适合于评估这些化合物在环境中的影响。目前，标准准则没有考虑到抗生素通过受污染的污泥或粪便进入土壤的正常情况。这应该在未来的指南中进行纠正，因为这些输入会改变微生物组成、有机物、离子强度和pH值，影响吸附和总体影响测试结果。
Extensive use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine results in environmental exposure. Of major concern are microbial effects; including effects on nutrient soil cycles and antibiotic resistance. There is a need to assess the effects of these compounds in the environment. The application of standardized guidelines is relevant in studying many compounds. However there is a lack of special test methods designed for antibiotics. We validate manometric test flasks using glucose and a recalcitrant herbicide. The suitability of these tests for studying antibacterial agents is then investigated using two target functions (aerobic biodegradation and carbon transformation). Compound stability is quantified using HPLC techniques. Effects on total soil respiration in the biodegradation test are immediate and differ significantly from background. We show that compounds do not function as substrates, so effects are due to other soil processes, correlate well to sorption characteristics and are not dose dependent. This test provides details of relative antimicrobial potency towards soil microorganisms and can be used to rank compounds. However the test does not provide details on the nature or extent of specific microbial effects. In contrast, the carbon transformation test is more specific and provides a reproducible indication of dose effect relationships, which is more suitable in assessing the effects of these compounds in the environment. Presently, standard guidelines do not take into account the normal input of antibiotics into soils via contaminated sludge or manure. This should be corrected in future guidelines as these inputs alter microbial composition, organic matter, ionic strength and pH affect sorption and overall impact the test results.