Olson's Gap or Olson's Extinction? A Bayesian tip-dating approach to resolving stratigraphic uncertainty
Olson's Gap or Olson's Extinction? A Bayesian tip-dating approach to resolving stratigraphic uncertainty
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.0154
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发表时间：
2020-06-10
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Brocklehurst, Neil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brocklehurst, Neil
适应性辐射和大规模灭绝对于构建陆地生态系统至关重要。然而，这些转变的原因和进展往往仍然存在争议，部分原因是围绕化石记录的完整性和相关化石地层的生物地层学的争论。早-中二叠世就是这样一个时代，当时四足动物的大量动物群更替与生态系统营养结构的重组相吻合。一些人认为，这种转变被四足动物化石记录(Olson‘s Gap)中的一个空白所掩盖，而另一些人则认为，北美和俄罗斯的四足动物建造之间的相关性使得这一间隔可以被详细记录下来。后者的生物地层学方案被用来支持此时的大灭绝(Olson‘s Extinction)。在系统发育学中经常使用的贝叶斯尖端测年方法被用来解决这一争论。贝叶斯因子被用来比较基于不同地层学假设的结合尖端年龄先验的分析结果，以显示哪种地层方案最符合地貌数据和系统发育。奥尔森的《鸿沟》被拒绝了，奥尔森的《灭绝》的真实性得到了进一步的支持。在有适当的形态数据的情况下，尖端测年方法在解决围绕关键地层的地层年龄的争论方面具有巨大的潜力。
Adaptive radiations and mass extinctions are of critical importance in structuring terrestrial ecosystems. However, the causes and progress of these transitions often remain controversial, in part because of debates surrounding the completeness of the fossil record and biostratigraphy of the relevant fossil-bearing formations. The early-middle Permian, when a substantial faunal turnover in tetrapods coincided with a restructuring of the trophic structure of ecosystems, is such a time. Some have suggested the transition is obscured by a gap in the tetrapod fossil record (Olson's Gap), while others suggest a correlation between North American and Russian tetrapod-bearing formations allows the interval to be documented in detail. The latter biostratigraphic scheme has been used to support a mass extinction at this time (Olson's Extinction). Bayesian tip-dating methods used frequently in phylogenetics are employed to resolve this debate. Bayes factors are used to compare the results of analyses incorporating tip age priors based on different stratigraphic hypotheses, to show which stratigraphic scheme best fits the morphological data and phylogeny. Olson's Gap is rejected, and the veracity of Olson's Extinction is given further support. Tip-dating approaches have great potential to resolve debates surrounding the stratigraphic ages of critical formations where appropriate morphological data is available.