Coexistence of Specialist and Generalist Species Is Shaped by Dispersal and Environmental Factors
Coexistence of Specialist and Generalist Species Is Shaped by Dispersal and Environmental Factors
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DOI：
10.1086/675756
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Vuilleumier, Severine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buechi, Lucie;Vuilleumier, Severine
理清栖息地专家和多面手共存的机制一直是一个长期研究的主题。然而，物种特征以及环境和空间因素的作用还没有在统一的理论框架中得到评估。理论表明，专业物种在自然群落中更具竞争力。然而，经验研究表明，由于栖息地丧失和碎片化，世界各地的专业物种正在减少。在连续和异质环境中，我们用空间显式的元群落模型讨论了专家物种和通才物种共存的问题。我们描述了物种的扩散能力、相互作用的物种数量、环境空间自相关性和干扰如何影响群落组成。我们的结果表明，物种的扩散能力和相互作用的物种数量对集合群落的组成有很大影响。当物种具有较大的扩散能力和相互作用的物种数量较多时，就会有更多的专门化物种共存。干扰主要针对高度专门化的物种，而环境空间自相关对物种的影响较小。有趣的是，物种丰富度和生态位宽度在群落尺度上主要是正相关，而在元群落尺度上是负相关。因此，许多不同的专门化物种可以共存，但这两个物种的固有特征和环境因素相互作用，在局部和全球尺度上塑造群落的专门化特征。
Disentangling the mechanisms mediating the coexistence of habitat specialists and generalists has been a long-standing subject of investigation. However, the roles of species traits and environmental and spatial factors have not been assessed in a unifying theoretical framework. Theory suggests that specialist species are more competitive in natural communities. However, empirical work has shown that specialist species are declining worldwide due to habitat loss and fragmentation. We addressed the question of the coexistence of specialist and generalist species with a spatially explicit metacommunity model in continuous and heterogeneous environments. We characterized how species' dispersal abilities, the number of interacting species, environmental spatial autocorrelation, and disturbance impact community composition. Our results demonstrated that species' dispersal ability and the number of interacting species had a drastic influence on the composition of metacommunities. More specialized species coexisted when species had large dispersal abilities and when the number of interacting species was high. Disturbance selected against highly specialized species, whereas environmental spatial autocorrelation had a marginal impact. Interestingly, species richness and niche breadth were mainly positively correlated at the community scale but were negatively correlated at the metacommunity scale. Numerous diversely specialized species can thus coexist, but both species' intrinsic traits and environmental factors interact to shape the specialization signatures of communities at both the local and global scales.