Current and Emerging Methods for Ovarian Cancer Screening and Diagnostics: A Comprehensive Review.
Current and Emerging Methods for Ovarian Cancer Screening and Diagnostics: A Comprehensive Review.
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DOI：
10.3390/cancers14122885
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发表时间：
2022-06-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Pisanic, Thomas R., II
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liberto, Juliane M.;Chen, Sheng-Yin;Shih, Ie-Ming;Wang, Tza-Huei;Wang, Tian-Li;Pisanic, Thomas R., II
卵巢高级别浆液性癌（HGSC）的5年生存率低于50%，使其成为当今发达国家女性最致命的妇科癌症之一。临床症状的延迟表现和晚期诊断导致该病的高死亡率。早期发现与生存率的显著提高相关，然而，由于明显缺乏早期疾病的敏感和特异性生物标志物，目前不建议在普通人群中进行筛查。在这篇综述中，我们概述了卵巢癌诊断的现状，强调了HGSC非侵入性检测的新兴方法。卵巢高级别浆液性癌（HGSC）是当今影响女性的最具侵袭性的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，其5年生存率低于50%。HGSC的高死亡率主要归因于诊断延误，因为大多数患者直到疾病晚期才被诊断出来。目前没有建议对卵巢癌进行筛查试验，因此仍然迫切需要新的诊断方法，特别是那些能够在临床干预仍然有效的早期阶段发现疾病的方法。虽然卵巢癌的诊断与其他癌症类型有许多相同的技术障碍，但该疾病在普通人群中的低患病率，加上明显缺乏敏感和特异性的生物标志物，使得开发临床有用的筛查策略特别具有挑战性。在这里，我们详细回顾了卵巢癌诊断的总体概况，重点介绍了采用新型蛋白质、遗传、表观遗传和基于成像的生物标志物和/或先进诊断技术进行HGSC无创检测的新兴方法，特别是在因生殖系突变（如BRCA1/2）而处于高风险的女性中。最后，我们讨论了这些方法的转化潜力，以实现早期卵巢癌筛查和诊断的临床可实施解决方案，作为最终改善普通和高危人群患者预后的一种手段。
Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) has a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%, making it one of the most lethal gynecological cancers for women in the developed world today. Delayed presentation of clinical symptoms and late-stage diagnosis drive the high mortality rate of this disease. Early detection is associated with significant improvements in survival, however, screening in the general population is currently not recommended at this time due to a notable lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers for early-stage disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the current landscape of ovarian cancer diagnostics, emphasizing emerging methodologies for the non-invasive detection of HGSC. With a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%, ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is one of the most highly aggressive gynecological malignancies affecting women today. The high mortality rate of HGSC is largely attributable to delays in diagnosis, as most patients remain undiagnosed until the late stages of -disease. There are currently no recommended screening tests for ovarian cancer and there thus remains an urgent need for new diagnostic methods, particularly those that can detect the disease at early stages when clinical intervention remains effective. While diagnostics for ovarian cancer share many of the same technical hurdles as for other cancer types, the low prevalence of the disease in the general population, coupled with a notable lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers, have made the development of a clinically useful screening strategy particularly challenging. Here, we present a detailed review of the overall landscape of ovarian cancer diagnostics, with emphasis on emerging methods that employ novel protein, genetic, epigenetic and imaging-based biomarkers and/or advanced diagnostic technologies for the noninvasive detection of HGSC, particularly in women at high risk due to germline mutations such as BRCA1/2. Lastly, we discuss the translational potential of these approaches for achieving a clinically implementable solution for screening and diagnostics of early-stage ovarian cancer as a means of ultimately improving patient outcomes in both the general and high-risk populations.
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作者：
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