Comparing Adaptive Radiations Across Space, Time, and Taxa
Comparing Adaptive Radiations Across Space, Time, and Taxa
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DOI：
10.1093/jhered/esz064
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Wogan, Guinevere O. U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gillespie, Rosemary G.;Bennett, Gordon M.;Wogan, Guinevere O. U.
适应性辐射在我们理解进化过程中起着重要作用。然而，这一概念在研究各种系统的研究人员中引起了关于其定义和性质的强烈和不同的意见。在这里，我们采取了广泛的观点，什么构成了适应性辐射，并试图找到不同的例子之间的共性，从植物到无脊椎动物和脊椎动物，从偏远的岛屿到湖泊和大陆，以更好地了解适应性辐射共享的过程。我们调查了许多团体，以评估被认为是重要的因素，在各种各样的物种辐射。在每一项研究中，某种形式的生态机会被确定为适应性辐射的先决条件。然而，进化性，这可以通过远亲物种之间的杂交来增强，可能在播种整个辐射中发挥作用。在辐射范围内，导致物种形成的过程主要取决于（1）生态变化的主要驱动因素是（a）辐射本身的成员（主要是分歧或破坏性的生态选择）外部还是（B）由于在相似环境中生殖隔离之后辐射成员内部的竞争（成员之间的相互作用），以及（2）混合的程度和时间。这些差异转化为不同的物种积累模式和随后的适应辐射多样性模式。适应性辐射以各种不同的方式发生，并继续为更好地了解生命的多样性提供丰富的数据。
Adaptive radiation plays a fundamental role in our understanding of the evolutionary process. However, the concept has provoked strong and differing opinions concerning its definition and nature among researchers studying a wide diversity of systems. Here, we take a broad view of what constitutes an adaptive radiation, and seek to find commonalities among disparate examples, ranging from plants to invertebrate and vertebrate animals, and remote islands to lakes and continents, to better understand processes shared across adaptive radiations. We surveyed many groups to evaluate factors considered important in a large variety of species radiations. In each of these studies, ecological opportunity of some form is identified as a prerequisite for adaptive radiation. However, evolvability, which can be enhanced by hybridization between distantly related species, may play a role in seeding entire radiations. Within radiations, the processes that lead to speciation depend largely on (1) whether the primary drivers of ecological shifts are (a) external to the membership of the radiation itself (mostly divergent or disruptive ecological selection) or (b) due to competition within the radiation membership (interactions among members) subsequent to reproductive isolation in similar environments, and (2) the extent and timing of admixture. These differences translate into different patterns of species accumulation and subsequent patterns of diversity across an adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiations occur in an extraordinary diversity of different ways, and continue to provide rich data for a better understanding of the diversification of life.