The effect of viewing the moving limb and target object during the early phase of movement on the online control of grasping
The effect of viewing the moving limb and target object during the early phase of movement on the online control of grasping
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DOI：
10.1016/j.humov.2006.02.002
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Inui, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fukui, T;Inui, T
通过两个实验研究了（1）在运动视觉的哪个阶段对控制最关键，以及（2）目标物体和参与者的运动肢体的视觉如何影响该运动阶段的抓握控制。实验一，被试戴上液晶快门护目镜，分别在关闭范式（SP）和再打开范式（RP）下抓取直径为4cm和6cm的圆柱体。在SP中，护目镜在运动开始后0 ms、150 ms、350 ms、500 ms或700 ms关闭（变为不透明），或在伸展运动期间保持打开（透明）。在RP中，护目镜在运动开始时立即关闭，并在0 ms（即，没有初始关闭）、初始关闭后150 ms、350 ms、500 ms或700 ms，或者在整个膨胀运动中保持不透明。在参与者和试验中，伸展运动的持续时间保持相对恒定，约为1100 ms，即，在日常生活中通常观察到的持续时间。在整个实验过程中，目标物体的位置是恒定的。SP和RP范式在参与者中平衡，并且每个会话中的条件顺序是随机的。主要发现是，峰值抓口（PGA）在150毫秒关闭条件下显着大于在350毫秒关闭条件下，和PGA在350毫秒重新开放条件下显着大于在150毫秒重新开放条件下。这些结果表明，150 ms和350 ms之间的在线视觉是至关重要的抓控制PGA在典型的，日常生活中，加速扩展运动。此外，最大减速后的时间（TAMD;运动持续时间-最大减速时间）获得的结果表明，早期视觉有助于后期运动阶段的时间模式（即，TAMD）。因此，结果表明，在运动的早期阶段的在线视觉是至关重要的抓握控制。除了在实验1中使用的设备，在实验2中使用两个液体快门板放置在同一水平面（实验台上方25厘米），以操纵目标和参与者的运动肢体的可见性。最接近参与者的板改变了肢体/手的视觉，而更远的板控制了物体的视觉。条件如下：（1）两个板在运动期间打开（全视觉条件）;（2）两个板在手臂运动开始后0、150或350 ms关闭（前-后条件：FR）;或（3）仅近侧板在手臂运动开始后0、150或350 ms关闭（前条件：F）。结果表明，在FR条件下，在0和150 ms时关闭导致显著更大的PGA，而在F条件下，关闭时间对PGA的影响很小。这些发现表明，在线视觉，特别是目标对象，在早期阶段的扩展运动是至关重要的抓控制。(c)2006 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Two experiments were conducted to investigate (1) during which phase of the movement vision is most critical for control, and (2) how vision of the target object and the participant's moving limb affect the control of grasping during that movement phase. In Experiment 1, participants, wearing liquid crystal shutter goggles, reached for and grasped a cylinder with a diameter of 4 or 6cm under a shutting paradigm (SP) and a re-opening paradigm (RP). In SP, the goggles closed (turned opaque) 0 ms, 150 ms, 350 ms, 500 ms, or 700 ms after movement onset, or remained open (transparent) during the prehension movements. In RP, the goggles closed immediately upon movement onset, and reopened 0 ms (i.e., without initially shutting), 150 ms, 350 ms, 500 ms, or 700 ms after the initial shutting, or remained opaque throughout the prehension movements. The duration of the prehension movements was kept relatively constant across participants and trials at approximately 1100 ms, i.e., the duration of prehension movements typically observed in daily life. The location of the target object was constant during the entire experiment. The SP and RP paradigms were counter-balanced across participants, and the order of conditions within each session was randomized. The main findings were that peak grip aperture (PGA) in the 150ms-shutting condition was significantly larger than in the 350 ms-shutting condition, and that PGA in the 350 ms-re-opening condition was significantly larger than in the 150 ms-re-opening condition. These results revealed that online vision between 150 ms and 350ms was critical for grasp control on PGA in typical, daily-life-speeded prehension movements. Furthermore, the results obtained for the time after maximal deceleration (TAMD; movement duration-time to maximal deceleration) demonstrated that early-phase vision contributed to the temporal pattern of the later movement phases (i.e., TAMD). The results thus demonstrated that online vision in the early phase of movement is crucial for the control of grasping. In addition to the apparatus used in Experiment 1, two liquid shutter plates placed in the same horizontal plane (25 cm above the experimental table) were used in Experiment 2 to manipulate the visibility of the target and the participant's moving limb. The plate closest to the participant altered vision of the limb/hand, while the more distant plate controlled vision of the object. The conditions were as follows: (1) both plates were open during movement (full vision condition); (2) both plates were closed 0, 150, or 350ms following onset of arm movement (front-rear condition: FR); or (3) only the near plate closed 0, 150, or 350ms following the onset of the arm movement (front condition: F). The results showed that shutting at 0 and 150 ms in the FR condition caused a significantly larger PGA, while the timing of shutting in the F condition had little influence on the PGA. These findings indicated that online vision, especially of the target object, during the early phase of prehension movements is critical to the control of grasping. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.