Influence of heavy metals on nematode community structure in deteriorated soil by gold mining activities in Sibutad, southern Philippines
Influence of heavy metals on nematode community structure in deteriorated soil by gold mining activities in Sibutad, southern Philippines
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.04.021
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Moens, Tom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Genevieve Martinez, Joey;Anthony Torres, Mark;Moens, Tom
采矿是对环境破坏最大的人类活动之一，特别是在发展中国家。正确评估其对土壤生态系统的影响需要了解土壤食物网的反应。线虫是土壤中数量最多的无脊椎动物，在食物网中占据着不同的位置，其群落结构常被用来反映土壤健康状况。2014年10月，我们从菲律宾南部锡布塔德的一个小规模矿区的五个地点收集了土壤样本，以评估采矿活动对线虫群落的影响。两个地点被认为未受干扰，因为没有明显的采矿迹象，而其他三个地点则受到干扰。提取活体线虫，并使用基于形态学的鉴定将其鉴定至属水平。我们分析了属组成，属和营养多样性，生活史为基础的成熟度指数。我们测量了土壤环境变量（pH值、有机质、粒度和几种重金属），并将线虫属组成的变化与这些环境因素的变化相关联。小规模采矿活动对土壤性质的影响各不相同，但一般不显著，改变了植被，并导致汞和铅浓度增加，但并非所有受影响地点都是如此。高斑块植被和重金属含量反映在一个高网站内的变化线虫组合。总线虫丰度显着最低的物理干扰的网站，但不是这样的最金属污染的，这表明丰度不是一个很好的指标污染状况。线虫属组成显着不同的干扰和未受干扰的网站。相比之下，不同地点之间的多样性或成熟度指数差异很小，这表明属组成比许多常见指示指数更能指示采矿相关影响，并强调需要进行详细的组合分析才能正确解释中度污染对土壤的影响。线虫。测得的环境变量一起解释了60%的变化，线虫组合在该地区的三个“最好的”解释变量的铅，汞和氮的浓度，但没有这些本身解释超过8%的变化，线虫数据，而他们的组合解释24%。一些捕食性和杂食性线虫属，通常被认为对化学污染和物理干扰都很敏感（例如，Ironus和Eudorylaimus），是最丰富的网站与重金属浓度升高，这可能会有影响的解释线虫为基础的指数，如MI。
Ore mining is among the most environmentally destructive anthropogenic practices, particularly in developing countries. Correct assessment of its impacts on soil ecosystems requires an understanding of the response of soil food webs. Nematodes, often the most abundant invertebrates in soils, occupy various positions in food webs, and their assemblages are commonly used to reflect soil health. In October 2014, we collected soil samples from five sites of a small-scale mining area in Sibutad, southern Philippines, to assess the influence of mining activities on nematode assemblages. Two sites were considered undisturbed as there were no visible signs of mining, while the other three sites were disturbed. Nematodes were extracted live and identified to genus level using morphology -based identification. We analysed genus composition, genus and trophic diversity, and the life-history based maturity index. We measured soil environmental variables (pH, organic matter, granulometry and several heavy metals), and correlated variation in nematode genus composition to variation in these environmental factors. Small-scale mining activities had variable but generally non-significant impacts on soil properties, altered vegetation and caused increases in concentrations of Hg and Pb, but not consistently so in all impacted sites. The high patchiness in vegetation and heavy metal content were reflected in a high within-site variability of nematode assemblages. Total nematode abundance was significantly lowest in the most physically disturbed site, but not so in the most metal-polluted one, suggesting that abundance is not a good indicator of pollution status. Nematode genus composition significantly differed between disturbed and undisturbed sites. By contrast, only few differences between sites were found for diversity or maturity indices, demonstrating that genus composition was a better indicator of mining-related effects than many common indicator indices and highlighting that detailed assemblage analysis is required for a correct interpretation of moderate pollution effects on soil nematodes. Measured environmental variables together explained 60% of the variation in nematode assemblages in the area; the three 'single best' explanatory variables were the concentrations of Pb, Hg and N, but none of these by itself explained more than 8% of the variation in nematode data, while their combination explained 24%. Some genera of predacious and omnivorous nematodes, which are generally expected to be sensitive to both chemical pollution and physical disturbance (e.g., Ironus and Eudorylaimus), were most abundant in sites with elevated heavy metal concentrations, which can have repercussions for the interpretation of nematode-based indices such as the MI.