Dietary L-Carnitine Alleviates the Adverse Effects Caused by Reducing Protein and Increasing Fat Contents in Diet Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Dietary L-Carnitine Alleviates the Adverse Effects Caused by Reducing Protein and Increasing Fat Contents in Diet Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
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DOI：
10.1155/2022/6288972
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Yi-Chan Liu;S. Limbu;Jin-Gang Wang;Jiong Ren;Fang Qiao;Meiling Zhang;Z. Du
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yi-Chan Liu;S. Limbu;Jin-Gang Wang;Jiong Ren;Fang Qiao;Meiling Zhang;Z. Du
用于配制鱼饲料的蛋白质成分价格昂贵且供应有限。因此，减少饲料蛋白质，同时增加饲料脂肪含量是饲养肉食性鱼类的常见做法。然而，膳食L-肉碱减轻这种饮食中的不良影响的能力目前尚不清楚。本研究探讨了L-肉毒碱的补充在减轻对生长性能，能量代谢，抗氧化能力和炎症反应的少年大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）喂养低蛋白和高脂肪饮食的不利影响的作用。配制三种饮食，含有低蛋白和高脂肪（LPHF：420 g kg-1蛋白质和150 g kg-1脂质），LPHF补充L-肉毒碱（LPHFC：420 g kg-1蛋白质和150 g kg-1脂质），和对照饮食（CON：480 g kg-1蛋白质和130 g kg-1脂质）。对30尾体重为10.75 ± 0.01 g的大口黑鲈幼鱼进行了为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明，与对照组相比，低磷高脂饲料组的肝体指数、内脏体指数、肠系膜脂肪指数、全身粗脂肪含量、血清和肝脏甘油三酯浓度以及血清非酯化脂肪酸水平均显著提高。此外，LPHF饲料喂养的鱼血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性和肝脏丙二醛含量增加，降低血清和肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。此外，LPHF饲料喂养的鱼降低了全身粗蛋白质含量。有趣的是，喂食LPHFC饮食的鱼通过下调与脂肪生成，炎症和增加SOD活性相关的基因表达来减少脂肪沉积和肝损伤。这项研究表明，L-肉毒碱补充大口黑鲈通过减少脂肪生成和增加脂质代谢来减轻LPHF饮食引起的不良影响。我们的研究为提高养殖水产动物对LPHF饲料的利用率提供了新的知识。
Protein ingredients for formulation of fish feeds are expensive and have limited availability. Therefore, reducing dietary protein while increasing dietary fat content is a common practice in rearing carnivorous fish species. However, the ability of dietary L-carnitine to alleviate adverse effects in such diets is currently unknown. This study investigated the role of L-carnitine supplementation in alleviating adverse effects on growth performance, energy metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and inflammation response in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed on a low protein and high fat diet. Three diets were formulated to contain low protein and high fat (LPHF: 420 g kg-1 protein and 150 g kg-1 lipid), LPHF supplemented with L-carnitine (LPHFC: 420 g kg-1 protein and 150 g kg-1 lipid), and a control diet (CON: 480 g kg-1 protein and 130 g kg-1 lipid). The diets were fed to 30 largemouth bass ( 10.75 ± 0.01 g) juveniles in triplicates for eight weeks. The results showed that the fish feed on LPHF diet increased hepatosomatic index, visceral somatic index, mesenteric fat index, whole-body crude fat content, serum and liver triglyceride concentrations, and serum non-esterified fatty acid level than those fed on CON diet. Moreover, the fish fed on LPHF diet increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity and liver malondialdehyde content and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the serum and liver. Furthermore, the fish fed on LPHF diet reduced the whole-body crude protein content. Interestingly, feeding the fish on the LPHFC diet decreased fat deposition and liver damage by downregulating the expression of genes related to lipogenesis, inflammation, and increased SOD activity. This study indicates that L-carnitine supplementation in largemouth bass alleviates the adverse effects caused by LPHF diet by decreasing lipogenesis and increasing lipid catabolism. Our study provides novel knowledge on strategies to improve utilization of LPHF diet in cultured aquatic animals.