Molecular Imaging of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease
Molecular Imaging of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease
复制标题
衰老和神经退行性疾病的分子成像
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199372935.003.0003
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Hedden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Rieckmann;R. Buckner;T. Hedden
对衰老的认知神经科学的研究已经发展到包括关注大脑中的分子和细胞过程，这些过程在整个生命周期中发展并影响认知。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）是一种广泛使用的体内技术，可以可视化与年龄相关的分子过程的组成部分如何分布在整个大脑中。在这一章中，我们集中在一些最常见的分子靶点，作为PET成像在理解衰老的认知神经科学中所起的不可或缺的作用的说明性例子。我们的重点将是最近的研究，注意力集中在认知健康老龄化研究的影响和该研究未来可能的方向。两个主题将贯穿本章。首先是在多大程度上PET成像可以告知老化过程中发生的发育和病理过程之间的区别感兴趣。虽然衰老和痴呆病理学的界限仍然难以分开，但我们认为值得将衰老视为以不同人以不同速度发生的多方面渐进过程为特征。虽然这些过程中的一些可能是病理学发展的结果，如临床前阿尔茨海默病（AD）或早期脑血管疾病，但其他过程可能与某些疾病有相似之处，但与疾病相关的病理途径不同，如帕金森病中的多巴胺丢失。Jagust最近的一篇综述详细讨论了衰老和疾病相关过程之间的区别，我们建议感兴趣的读者阅读这篇文章。我们认为这种区分是有用的，因为它使我们对大脑中与年龄相关的变化及其复杂的、相互依赖的认知后遗症的可区分方面的探索更加尖锐。第二个主题将是PET成像与其他神经科学技术的整合，以更全面地了解个体如何随着年龄的增长而沿着不同的途径发展。因此，我们将PET研究的结果与使用其他成像方式的结果联系起来。尽管PET可以揭示最终影响认知的分子途径，但可能是局部脑结构或功能的改变沿着该途径充当中介沿着，使得中介的检测提供认知结果的更多预测值。将这两个主题结合起来的一个重要的未来方向将是利用大脑健康的多个标志物来预测哪些老年人面临不同过程进展的风险，以便干预措施可以更精确地针对那些将获得最大益处的人。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2022阿帕，保留所有权利）
The study of the cognitive neuroscience of aging has evolved to include focus on molecular and cellular processes in the brain that develop across the lifespan and affect cognition. A widely available in vivo technique that can visualize how the components of age-associated molecular processes are distributed throughout the brain is positron emission tomography (PET). In this chapter we concentrate on a few of the most common molecular targets as illustrative examples of the integral role that PET imaging plays in understanding the cognitive neuroscience of aging. Our focus will be on more recent studies, with attention directed toward implications for the study of cognitively healthy aging and likely future directions in that study. Two themes will run throughout the chapter. First is an interest in the extent to which PET imaging can inform the distinction between developmental and pathological processes that occur during aging. While the boundaries of aging and dementia pathology remain difficult to separate, we believe it worthwhile to view aging as characterized by a multifaceted set of progressive processes that occur at different rates in different people. Although some of these processes may be the result of developing pathology, such as preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) or incipient cerebrovascular disease, others may have similarities to certain diseases while nonetheless arising from a different etiology than the pathological pathway linked to disease, such as dopamine loss in Parkinson's disease. A recent review by Jagust discusses the distinction between aging and disease-related processes in detail, and we refer interested readers to this work. We view the distinction as useful in that it sharpens our exploration for distinguishable facets of age-related changes in the brain and their complex, interdependent cognitive sequelae. A second theme will be the integration of PET imaging with other neuroscience techniques to build a fuller picture of how individuals vary in their progression along different pathways as they age. We therefore relate the results from PET studies to those using other imaging modalities. Although PET may reveal a molecular pathway that ultimately impacts cognition, it may be that an alteration in regional brain structure or function acts as an intermediary along this pathway, such that detection of the intermediary provides more predictive value of the cognitive outcome. An important future direction that unites these two themes will be the utilization of multiple markers of brain health to predict which aging individuals are at risk for progression of different processes so that interventions can be more precisely targeted toward those who will receive the greatest benefit.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)