Asylum, Migration and Refugee Protection: Realities, Myths and the Promise of Things to Come
Asylum, Migration and Refugee Protection: Realities, Myths and the Promise of Things to Come
复制标题
庇护、移民和难民保护：现实、神话和未来的前景
DOI：
10.1093/ijrl/eel016
复制
发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Erika E. Feller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erika E. Feller
我们生活在一个严重动荡的世界，这是一句不幸但真实的陈词滥调。从非洲到伊拉克和亚洲，世界许多地区的动荡和冲突，以及各大洲各国人民因族裔、政治或宗教而遭受迫害，仍然是当今生活中的现实。我们还生活在一个人口流动性越来越大、视野越来越开阔、移徙动力源于无数社会、经济、政治和人权“推动”和“拉动”因素的世界。冲突、侵犯人权、缺乏社会进步、经济贫困以及‘富人’和‘穷人’之间的严重分歧将以不同的方式继续推动苏丹人、乌兹别克人、伊拉克人、阿富汗人、斯里兰卡人、索马里人、利比里亚人、车臣人、蒙塔格纳德人和亚齐人--仅举几例--前往和越过其他国家的边界。这些其他国家将不仅仅是那些传统上接收大量难民的国家。它们还包括经济转型国家、过境路线上的国家，以及前景看起来好不了多少的国家。流动性是无法阻止的。这是不可能的，尤其是因为不可能维持世界所有边境的治安，以及人口走私和贩运的盛行。就难民而言，阻止他们逃亡不仅是不可能的，也是国际法所不允许的，因为这剥夺了他们的基本保障和安全。因此，目标不应是防止流动，而是更好地管理所涉的许多敏感问题，包括国家安全和身份、社会和谐和经济进步，以保护个人权利和国家利益，促进适当分担责任，并最大限度地发挥各种移徙可以给东道国社会带来的好处。这份文件对庇护问题进行了一些思考：在混合移民流动的背景下维护庇护的挑战；关于合作和责任分担；以及在这方面可能采取的办法。这份文件反映了为制定新办法所作的努力，这些办法正在围绕位于这种流动源头附近国家的区域倡议而建立。这些反思是在对难民流动和所有受影响国家的庇护政策产生影响的重大地缘政治变化的背景下进行的。此外，该文件从国际保护的角度评论了什么是合法的，什么是可疑的合法的，并提出了在权利和法律框架内履行国家关于个人保护需要的责任的可能举措，同时尊重各国的合理关切。
It is an unfortunate but true cliche that we live in a seriously troubled world. Turbulence and conflict in many parts of the world from Africa to Iraq and Asia, as well as persecution of peoples because of their ethnicity, politics or religion in countries on all continents continue to be facts of modern day life. We also live in a world the population of which is increasingly mobile, where horizons are ever broader and where the impetus to migrate has its roots in a myriad of social, economic, political and human rights 'push' and 'pull' factors. Conflict, human rights violations, lack of social progress, economic under-privilege and sharp divisions between the 'haves' and the 'have nots' will variously continue to push Sudanese, Uzbeks, Iraqis, Afghans, Sri Lankans, Somalis, Liberians, Chechens, Montagnards and Acehenese, to name but a few groups, towards and across the borders of other countries. These other countries will not only be those which traditionally receive large numbers of refugees. They also include countries with economies in transition, countries on transit routes, and countries where prospects look just that little better. Mobility cannot be prevented. The odds are against this, not least because of the impossibility of policing all the world's borders and the prevalence of people smuggling and trafficking. As far as refugees are concerned, prevention of flight, which denies them their basic security and safety is not only impossible, it is also not permitted under international law. The objective therefore should not be to prevent movement, but to manage better the many sensitive issues at stake, including national security and identity, social harmony and economic progress, in a manner which protects individual rights and State interests, promotes a proper sharing of responsibilities and maximizes the benefits that migration of all sorts can bring to host societies. This paper offers some reflections on the issue of asylum: the challenges of upholding asylum in the context of mixed migration flows; on cooperation and responsibility sharing; and on possible approaches in this regard. The paper reflects upon efforts to devise new approaches, which are being built around regional initiatives situated in countries close to the origin of such flows. These reflections are situated in the context of the major geopolitical changes that have impacted on refugee movements and on the asylum policies of all affected States. In addition, the paper comments on what is lawful and what is doubtfully legitimate from an international protection perspective and suggests possible initiatives to meet States' responsibilities regarding individuals' protection needs, within a framework of rights and law, while respecting the legitimate concerns of States.