The role of children's future expectations in self-system functioning and adjustment to life stress: A prospective study of urban at-risk children
The role of children's future expectations in self-system functioning and adjustment to life stress: A prospective study of urban at-risk children
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579400006210
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发表时间：
1993-09
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
P. Wyman;E. Cowen;W. Work;J. Kerley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Wyman;E. Cowen;W. Work;J. Kerley
摘要
研究一考察了对儿童未来期望的访谈测量结果与反映自我系统功能的变量之间的关系，研究对象是136名9 - 11岁的城市儿童，他们面临着较高的心理社会压力。正如预期的那样，未来期望与情绪调节、自我表征和学校适应相关。研究二以原始群体的一个子样本为对象，结果表明，早期积极的未来期望能够预测2.5 - 3.5年后在学校中的社会情感适应能力增强以及更强的内控倾向，并且作为一种保护因素，能够减少高压力对自我评价能力的负面影响。这些发现：(a)与先前的数据一致，即积极期望是有韧性儿童的特征；(b)表明早期积极的未来期望会影响后期的适应；(c)强调了儿童在积极构建其环境以及因此影响自身发展方面所起的作用。文中提出了自我概念对于未来韧性研究的启发价值，并考虑了其对预防性干预的影响。
Abstract Study I examined relationships between an interview measure of children's future expectations and variables reflecting self-system functioning with 136 9–11-year-old urban children exposed to high psychosocial stress. As expected, future expectations related to affect regulation, self-representations, and school adjustment. Study II, done with a subsample of the original group, showed that early positive future expectations predicted enhanced socioemotional adjustment in school and a more internal locus of control 2½–3½ years later and acted as a protective factor in reducing the negative effects of high stress on self-rated competence. These findings: (a) are consistent with prior data showing positive expectations to be characteristic of resilient children; (b) suggest that early positive future expectations influence later adjustment; and (c) underscore the role children have in actively structuring their environments and, thus, influencing their development. The heuristic value of the construct of self for future studies of resilience is suggested, and implications for preventive interventions are considered.