Plasticity of the language system in children and adults.
Plasticity of the language system in children and adults.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00021-7
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Turkeltaub, Peter E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Martin, Kelly C;Ketchabaw, W Tyler;Turkeltaub, Peter E
语言系统也许是人类大脑认知结构中最独特的特征。长期以来，认知神经科学一直在探索理解有助于语言所需的分层模式处理和高级规则学习的神经成分。这项研究最重要的目标是了解当这些神经组件发生故障或因中风而丢失时，语言是如何受损的，以及最终我们如何在这些情况下恢复语言能力。此外，了解语言系统是如何发展的，以及它如何在面对脑损伤或功能障碍时进行重组，可以帮助我们更广泛地了解认知网络中的大脑可塑性。在本章中，我们将讨论婴儿语言组织的最早期特征，以及典型发展中的偏差如何可能（但在某些情况下，不会）导致语言紊乱。然后，我们将调查成人中风和失语症研究的结果，在剩余的左半球组织和非优势的右半球恢复语言处理的潜力。总而言之，我们希望能够清楚地了解人类语言系统神经生物学中可塑性变化的能力。
The language system is perhaps the most unique feature of the human brain's cognitive architecture. It has long been a quest of cognitive neuroscience to understand the neural components that contribute to the hierarchical pattern processing and advanced rule learning required for language. The most important goal of this research is to understand how language becomes impaired when these neural components malfunction or are lost to stroke, and ultimately how we might recover language abilities under these circumstances. Additionally, understanding how the language system develops and how it can reorganize in the face of brain injury or dysfunction could help us to understand brain plasticity in cognitive networks more broadly. In this chapter we will discuss the earliest features of language organization in infants, and how deviations in typical development can-but in some cases, do not-lead to disordered language. We will then survey findings from adult stroke and aphasia research on the potential for recovering language processing in both the remaining left hemisphere tissue and in the non-dominant right hemisphere. Altogether, we hope to present a clear picture of what is known about the capacity for plastic change in the neurobiology of the human language system.