Sustainable energy storage for solar home systems in rural Sub-Saharan Africa - A comparative examination of lifecycle aspects of battery technologies for circular economy, with emphasis on the South African context
Sustainable energy storage for solar home systems in rural Sub-Saharan Africa - A comparative examination of lifecycle aspects of battery technologies for circular economy, with emphasis on the South African context
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DOI：
10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.053
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Mabbett, Ian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charles, Rhys G.;Davies, Matthew L.;Mabbett, Ian
光伏（PV）对撒哈拉以南非洲农村地区的电气化越来越重要，但什么是最好的电池技术？为了探索这个问题，南非的一个小型家用光伏系统（20年寿命）在放电10小时的情况下，在夜间提供1.42千瓦时的电力，该系统使用了各种锂离子、铅酸和Aquion水混合离子电池（AHIBs）。环境影响;与循环经济兼容；通过延长寿命降低成本的潜力；并讨论了电池寿命结束时的价值评估问题。电池占系统成本的81-93%，在系统寿命期间所需的电池生产将排放743、674和6060千克二氧化碳当量（分别为铅酸、锂离子和AHIBs）。锂离子和铅酸电池中的有害物质在寿命结束时构成风险。由于使用Co、Li和石墨，锂离子和AHIBs面临潜在的资源供应限制。在南非，铅酸电池的闭环回收和翻新已经建立。目前，非洲没有锂离子或AHIB回收设施，几乎没有机会在该地区保留这些电池的材料价值。尽管效率较低，使用寿命较短，但铅酸电池是目前南非可持续的小型家用光伏系统的最佳选择。铅酸电池可以在国内以低成本生产。(C) 2018年作者。Elsevier Ltd.出版。
Photovoltaics (PV) are increasingly important for electrification in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, but what is the best battery technology to use? To explore this question, a small-scale domestic PV system for South Africa (20-year lifetime) to deliver 1.42 kWh electricity from batteries overnight with 10-h discharge was costed with various Li-ion, Pb-acid and Aquion aqueous hybrid ion batteries (AHIBs). Environmental impact; compatibility with circular economy; potential for cost-reduction through lifetime extension; and valorisation of batteries at end-of-life is discussed. Batteries are 81-93% of system costs, and battery production required over the system lifetime would emit 743, 674 and 6060 kg CO2-eq (Pb-acid, Li-ion and AHIBs respectively). Hazardous materials in Li-ion and Pb-acid batteries pose risks at end-of-life. Li-ion and AHIBs face potential resource supply constraints due to use of Co, Li and graphite. Closed-loop recycling and refurbishment of Pb-acid batteries is well established in South Africa. Currently, no African facilities for Li-ion or AHIB recycling exist, with little opportunity to retain material value from these batteries within the region. Despite lower efficiencies and shorter lifetimes, Pb-acid batteries, which are readily available from domestic manufacturing at low cost, are the current best choice for sustainable small-scale domestic PV systems in South Africa. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.