Investigating decadal changes in persistent organic pollutants in Scottish grey seal pups
Investigating decadal changes in persistent organic pollutants in Scottish grey seal pups
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DOI：
10.1002/aqc.3137
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发表时间：
2019-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kelly J. Robinson;A. Hall;G. Scholl;C. Debier;J. Thomé;G. Eppe;C. Adam;K. Bennett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kelly J. Robinson;A. Hall;G. Scholl;C. Debier;J. Thomé;G. Eppe;C. Adam;K. Bennett
持久性有机污染物仍对海洋生态系统健康构成威胁。持久性有机污染物在脂肪组织中积累，并通过食物网被生物放大，在包括海洋哺乳动物在内的顶级捕食者体内产生高浓度。因此，海豹经常被认为是海洋环境中POP水平的哨兵。测量这些动物在十年时间尺度上的变化，对于了解控制持久性有机污染物的法规的有效性，预测健康、种群和生态系统层面的影响，以及为保护和管理战略提供信息至关重要。然而，关于密封件中遗留持久性有机污染物最近变化的信息相对较少，并且在缺乏专门的持久性有机污染物监测方案的情况下，数据集并不总是连续的。在这里，研究人员比较了2002年和2015-17年调查POP对生存和能量平衡影响的研究中，来自苏格兰五月岛的断奶灰海豹幼崽脂肪中的POP浓度。到2017年，总类二恶英多氯联苯（ΣDL‐CBs）和总非类二恶英多氯联苯（ΣNDL‐CBs）已降至2002年水平的75%。有机氯农药（ocp）、二氯二苯三氯乙烷（ΣDDT）、二氯二苯二氯乙烯（DDE）和二氯二苯二氯乙烷（DDD）以及一些CB同系物在15年期间没有下降；然而，在低浓度下检测微小变化的能力是有限的。DDE高和DDD缺乏变化可能反映了滴滴涕代谢物的低排泄，而不是最近的暴露。许多持久性有机污染物在15年内的有限变化表明，灰海豹幼崽的能量平衡、内分泌状态和免疫功能仍然存在风险，并对该物种的保护和管理目标产生偶然影响。这些数据突出表明，需要建立长期数据集以及取样和分析方法的一致性，以更广泛地评估持久性有机污染物对灰海豹和海洋生态系统的持续影响。
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remain a risk to marine ecosystem health. POPs accumulate in fat tissue and are biomagnified up through food webs, generating high concentrations in apex predators, including marine mammals. Seals are thus often cited as sentinels of marine environment POP levels. Measuring changes across decadal timescales in these animals is key to understanding the effectiveness of regulations controlling POPs, predicting health, population, and ecosystem level impacts, and informing conservation and management strategies. Information on recent changes in legacy POPs in seals is relatively sparse, however, and datasets are not always continuous in the absence of dedicated POP monitoring programmes. Here, POP concentrations in the blubber of weaned grey seal pups from the Isle of May, Scotland, were compared between studies investigating POP impacts on survival and energy balance in 2002, and in 2015–17. By 2017, the total dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣDL‐CBs) and the total non‐dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣNDL‐CBs) had decreased to ~75% of 2002 levels. The organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), dichlorodiphenyltrichoroethane (ΣDDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyldichoroethane (DDD), and some CB congeners, did not fall over the 15‐year period; however, the power to detect small changes at low concentrations was limited. High DDE and a lack of change in DDD are likely to reflect the low excretion of DDT metabolites, rather than recent exposure. The limited change in many POPs over 15 years suggest that risks remain for energy balance, endocrine status, and immune function in grey seal pups, with contingent effects on conservation and management objectives for this species. These data highlight the need for long‐term datasets and parity in sampling and analytical methods to evaluate continuing impacts of POPs in grey seals and on marine ecosystems more widely.