Resilience of Communities in Puerto Rico Following Hurricane Maria: Community-Based Preparedness and Communication Strategies
Resilience of Communities in Puerto Rico Following Hurricane Maria: Community-Based Preparedness and Communication Strategies
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/dmp.2021.306
复制
发表时间：
2021-11-02
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Santos-Burgoa, Carlos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrade, Elizabeth L.;Barrett, Nicole D.;Santos-Burgoa, Carlos
目的：本研究旨在探讨波多黎各飓风玛丽亚后可能有助于社区抗灾能力的因素。方法：2018 年 4 月，对波多黎各 7 个城市（占总数的 9%）的利益相关者进行了定性访谈（n = 22）。对成绩单进行演绎和归纳编码和分析，以确定突出的主题和主题，然后根据联邦应急管理协会 (FEMA) 整体社区方法的战略主题进行检查。结果：市政准备工作是协调一致的、以社区为基础、利用社区资产并优先考虑弱势群体的。策略包括（1）多部门协调和战略人员配置； (2) 指定社区领导作为支持联系人； (3) 利用社区领导的专业知识和社交网络来保护弱势居民； (4) 对高危人群、卫生专业人员和急救人员进行普查； (5) 扩大风险沟通和针对当地情况的保护措施。在电信瘫痪的情况下，社区实施了灾后战略，以促进与波多黎各政府、当地急救人员之间的沟通，并让居民了解情况，包括使用：(1) 警察无线电； （二）装有扬声器的车辆； (3)直接的人际交往； (4) 太阳能网络广播电台。结论：波多黎各社区的适应能力和行动体现了当地解决灾害问题的重要性。建议扩大研究范围，以更好地了解抗灾能力的贡献者。
Objective: This study aimed to examine factors that may have contributed to community disaster resilience following Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. Methods: In April 2018, qualitative interviews (n = 22) were conducted with stakeholders in 7 Puerto Rican municipalities (9% of total). Transcripts were deductively and inductively coded and analyzed to identify salient topics and themes, then examined according to strategic themes from the Federal Emergency Management Association's (FEMA) Whole Community Approach. Results: Municipal preparedness efforts were coordinated, community-based, leveraged community assets, and prioritized vulnerable populations. Strategies included (1) multi-sectoral coordination and strategic personnel allocation; (2) neighborhood leader designation as support contacts; (3) leveraging of community leader expertise and social networks to protect vulnerable residents; (4) Censuses of at-risk groups, health professionals, and first responders; and (5) outreach for risk communication and locally tailored protective measures. In the context of collapsed telecommunications, communities implemented post-disaster strategies to facilitate communication with the Puerto Rican Government, between local first responders, and to keep residents informed, including the use of: (1) police radios; (2) vehicles with loudspeakers; (3) direct interpersonal communication; and (4) solar-powered Internet radio stations. Conclusions: Adaptive capacities and actions of Puerto Rican communities exemplify the importance of local solutions in disasters. Expanded research is recommended to better understand contributors to disaster resilience.