SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION DURING STANCE: PROCESSING TIME OF ACTIVE OR PASSIVE ADDITION OR WITHDRAWAL OF VISUAL OR HAPTIC INFORMATION
SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION DURING STANCE: PROCESSING TIME OF ACTIVE OR PASSIVE ADDITION OR WITHDRAWAL OF VISUAL OR HAPTIC INFORMATION
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.044
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发表时间：
2012-06-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Schieppati, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sozzi, S.;Do, M. -C.;Schieppati, M.
视觉（V）和触觉（T）有助于稳定我们站立的身体，但我们对大脑处理感觉流入（或其移除）并利用新信息（或抵消其移除）所需的时间间隔知之甚少。我们已经估计了发病的潜伏期和时间过程中的变化，在姿势控制模式后，增加或撤回的感觉信息和预期的影响。10名受试者站成一前一后的姿势。他们戴着LCD护目镜，允许或消除视力，或者用食指轻轻触摸（闭眼）（触觉刺激）一个可能突然降低的垫（被动任务）。在不同的阶段中，通过睁开（或闭上）眼睛或触摸垫子（或抬起手指）（主动任务）故意产生感觉转移。记录眼睑运动和手指力（< 1 N），足底压力中心（COP）的摆动，比目鱼肌、胫骨肌和腓骨肌的肌电图（EMG），双侧和示指伸肌。在每个条件下重复50次的平均轨迹上统计估计偏移后CoP和EMG变化的潜伏期。肌肉活动和摇摆的幅度自适应地减少了稳定的视觉或触觉信息。在两种情况下，从感觉转移到EMG和摇摆减少的时间间隔相似，为0.5-2秒。胫骨肌比腓骨肌或比目鱼肌短，视觉比触觉移位短。CoP跟随胫骨肌，时间约为0.2 s。在主动感觉转移后观察到的间隔略短。触觉和视觉信息去除后，肌电图和姿势变化的潜伏期最短。随后，在主动和被动任务下，达到稳定状态所需的时间类似于1-3秒。在类似于100 ms时的惊吓反应可能先于EMG变化。反应时间收缩响应感觉变化出现在类似的200毫秒，早于适应性变化。姿势行为的改变需要有限的时间从视觉或触觉的转变，远长于反射或快速自愿反应，这表明一个耗时的中央整合过程。该过程在触觉信息的添加上比移除上更长，指示更重的计算负荷。当考虑老年受试者或患者的感觉运动整合问题以及设计人体平衡模拟模型时，应考虑这些发现。(c)2012年IBRO。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Vision (V) and touch (T) help stabilize our standing body, but little is known on the time-interval necessary for the brain to process the sensory inflow (or its removal) and exploit the new information (or counteract its removal). We have estimated the latency of onset and the time-course of the changes in postural control mode following addition or withdrawal of sensory information and the effect of anticipation thereof. Ten subjects stood in tandem position. They wore LCD goggles that allowed or removed vision, or lightly touched (eyes-closed) with the index finger (haptic stimulation) a pad that could be suddenly lowered (passive task). In different sessions, sensory shifts were deliberately produced by opening (or closing) the eyes or touching the pad (or lifting the finger) (active task). We recorded eyelid movement and finger force (< 1 N), sway of center of foot pressure (COP), electromyogram (EMG) of soleus, tibialis and peroneus muscle, bilaterally, and of extensor indicis. The latency of the CoP and EMG changes following the shifts were statistically estimated on the averaged traces of 50 repetitions per condition. Muscle activity and sway adaptively decreased in amplitude on adding stabilizing visual or haptic information. The time-interval from the sensory shift to decrease in EMG and sway was similar to 0.5-2 s under both conditions. It was shorter for tibialis than peroneus or soleus and shorter for visual than haptic shift. CoP followed the tibialis by similar to 0.2 s. Slightly shorter intervals were observed following active sensory shifts. Latencies of EMG and postural changes were the shortest on removal of both haptic and visual information. Subsequently, the time taken to reach the steady-state was similar to 1-3 s under both active and passive tasks. A startle response at similar to 100 ms could precede EMG changes. Reaction-time contractions in response to sensory shifts appeared at similar to 200 ms, earlier than the adaptive changes. Changes in postural behavior require a finite amount of time from visual or haptic shift, much longer than reflexes or rapid voluntary responses, suggesting a time-consuming central integration process. This process is longer on addition than removal of haptic information, indicating a heavier computational load. These findings should be taken into account when considering problems of sensorimotor integration in elderly subjects or patients and when designing simulation models of human balance. (c) 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.