Expression profiling of marker genes responsive to the defence-associated phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene in Brachypodium distachyon.
Expression profiling of marker genes responsive to the defence-associated phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene in Brachypodium distachyon.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12870-016-0749-9
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发表时间：
2016-03-02
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Noutoshi Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kouzai Y;Kimura M;Yamanaka Y;Watanabe M;Matsui H;Yamamoto M;Ichinose Y;Toyoda K;Onda Y;Mochida K;Noutoshi Y
二穗短柄草是一种很有前途的禾本科模式植物。短柄草属植物被多种病原菌侵染，严重影响作物产量，为研究病原菌毒力和植物抗病性的分子机制提供了一个新的平台。迄今为止，我们有一个广泛的图片植物免疫只有在拟南芥和水稻，因此，短柄草可能构成一个对应的，显示植物物种之间的防御系统的共性和独特性。植物激素在植物的生物胁迫反应中起着重要作用，而植物抗病反应基因被用来定性和定量地评价病原菌侵染过程中植物的抗病反应。为了这些目的，防御相关的植物激素标记基因表达的时间点适合防御反应监测是必要的。关于它们随时间的表达谱以及它们的反应特异性的信息也是有帮助的。然而，在短柄草属植物中，有用的标记基因仍然很少。我们选择了34个候选的短柄草标记基因的蛋白质序列相似性的基础上已知的标记基因在拟南芥和水稻。短柄草属植物处理与防御相关的植物激素水杨酸，茉莉酸和乙烯，和他们的转录水平进行了测量处理后24和48小时。两个基因水杨酸，7茉莉酸和2乙烯显着诱导在任一或两个时间点。然后，我们集中在11个基因编码的病程相关（PR）1蛋白，并比较其表达模式与拟南芥和水稻。系统发育分析表明，短柄草属植物含有多个与水稻相似的PR 1家族基因。我们的表达谱分析表明，一些PR 1基因的调控模式，以及防御相关的植物激素的标记是密切相关的水稻。我们建议，在这项研究中确定的短柄草属免疫激素标记基因将是有用的植物病理学家谁使用短柄草作为模式病理系统，因为他们的转录激活的时间相匹配的抗病反应。我们使用短柄草的结果还表明，单子叶植物共享一个特征性的免疫系统，定义为共同的防御系统，这是不同于双子叶植物。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12870-016-0749-9）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Brachypodium distachyon is a promising model plants for grasses. Infections of Brachypodium by various pathogens that severely impair crop production have been reported, and the species accordingly provides an alternative platform for investigating molecular mechanisms of pathogen virulence and plant disease resistance. To date, we have a broad picture of plant immunity only in Arabidopsis and rice; therefore, Brachypodium may constitute a counterpart that displays the commonality and uniqueness of defence systems among plant species. Phytohormones play key roles in plant biotic stress responses, and hormone-responsive genes are used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate disease resistance responses during pathogen infection. For these purposes, defence-related phytohormone marker genes expressed at time points suitable for defence-response monitoring are needed. Information about their expression profiles over time as well as their response specificity is also helpful. However, useful marker genes are still rare in Brachypodium. We selected 34 candidates for Brachypodium marker genes on the basis of protein-sequence similarity to known marker genes used in Arabidopsis and rice. Brachypodium plants were treated with the defence-related phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene, and their transcription levels were measured 24 and 48 h after treatment. Two genes for salicylic acid, 7 for jasmonic acid and 2 for ethylene were significantly induced at either or both time points. We then focused on 11 genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) 1 protein and compared their expression patterns with those of Arabidopsis and rice. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Brachypodium contains several PR1-family genes similar to rice genes. Our expression profiling revealed that regulation patterns of some PR1 genes as well as of markers identified for defence-related phytohormones are closely related to those in rice. We propose that the Brachypodium immune hormone marker genes identified in this study will be useful to plant pathologists who use Brachypodium as a model pathosystem, because the timing of their transcriptional activation matches that of the disease resistance response. Our results using Brachypodium also suggest that monocots share a characteristic immune system, defined as the common defence system, that is different from that of dicots. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0749-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.