Sleep enhances memory consolidation in children
Sleep enhances memory consolidation in children
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DOI：
10.1111/jsr.12119
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Dimitriou, Dagmara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashworth, Anna;Hill, Catherine M.;Dimitriou, Dagmara
睡眠是一种活跃的状态，在巩固记忆方面起着重要作用。已经发现，它可以增强成人和儿童的外显记忆。然而，与成年人相比，儿童在内隐学习中并不总是表现出与睡眠相关的改善。大多数关于睡眠依赖记忆巩固的研究都集中在成年人身上；因此，目前的研究考察了睡眠对儿童两项任务的影响。33名6-12岁的典型发育儿童参与了这项研究。活动记录仪被用来监测睡眠。通过一项新的非单词学习任务和河内塔认知谜题来评估睡眠依赖型记忆巩固，这涉及到发现有助于完成的潜在规则。孩子们接受了这两项任务的训练，并在清醒和睡眠的保持间隔大致相同的情况下进行了重新测试。睡眠后，儿童在非单词学习任务和河内塔任务上的成绩分别有14%和25%的显著改善，但在清醒保持时间间隔后，分数没有显著变化。在河内塔上成绩的提高可能是由于儿童巩固了任务的外显方面，例如规则学习或对先前序列的记忆；因此，我们认为睡眠对于巩固儿童的外显记忆是必要的。睡眠质量和持续时间与儿童的任务表现无关。如果这种实验性的与睡眠相关的学习增强可以推广到日常生活中，那么很明显，睡眠在孩子的教育成就中起着至关重要的作用。
Sleep is an active state that plays an important role in the consolidation of memory. It has been found to enhance explicit memories in both adults and children. However, in contrast to adults, children do not always show a sleep-related improvement in implicit learning. The majority of research on sleep-dependent memory consolidation focuses on adults; hence, the current study examined sleep-related effects on two tasks in children. Thirty-three typically developing children aged 6-12years took part in the study. Actigraphy was used to monitor sleep. Sleep-dependent memory consolidation was assessed using a novel non-word learning task and the Tower of Hanoi cognitive puzzle, which involves discovering an underlying rule to aid completion. Children were trained on the two tasks and retested following approximately equal retention intervals of both wake and sleep. After sleep, children showed significant improvements in performance of 14% on the non-word learning task and 25% on the Tower of Hanoi task, but no significant change in score following the wake retention interval. Improved performance on the Tower of Hanoi may have been due to children consolidating explicit aspects of the task, for example rule-learning or memory of previous sequences; thus, we propose that sleep is necessary for consolidation of explicit memory in children. Sleep quality and duration were not related to children's task performance. If such experimental sleep-related learning enhancement is generalizable to everyday life, then it is clear that sleep plays a vital role in children's educational attainment.