True random number generation based on arrival time and position of dark counts in a multichannel silicon photomultiplier.
True random number generation based on arrival time and position of dark counts in a multichannel silicon photomultiplier.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1063/1.5109034
复制
发表时间：
2019-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jianming Lin;Yonggang Wang;Qiang Cao;J. Kuang;Liwei Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jianming Lin;Yonggang Wang;Qiang Cao;J. Kuang;Liwei Wang
硅光电倍增管(SiPM)阵列通常包含数十个光子检测通道，每个通道由数千个微单元组成，每个微单元是一个带有猝灭电阻的普通单光子雪崩二极管。SiPM阵列的暗计数具有独立的空间和时间随机性，本文将其用于真随机数的产生。由于每个通道中的高暗计数率的到达时间是用快速、高精度的时间-数字转换器测量的，以及通道的数量，所以可以非常高的效率提取熵。利用累积分布函数的变换，消除了由于连续暗计数之间的到达时间差的指数分布而导致的原始数据中的偏差。除了用于从4通道SiPM读出信号的前置放大器外，我们的原型中的所有电子元件都在现场可编程门阵列的一个芯片内实现。该原型具有63.54 Mbps的生成吞吐量，并对生成的随机数的统计质量进行了评估。由于暗计数的特性与来自激光光束的单光子兼容，因此可以通过增加更多的SiPM通道或用额外的激光照射SiPM来轻松地提高生成比特率。
Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays normally contain tens of photon detection channels, with each channel consisting of several thousand microcells and each microcell being a normal single-photon avalanche diode with a quenching resistor. The dark counts of SiPM arrays have independent spatial and temporal randomness, which will be used for true random number generation in this paper. Since the arrival times of the high dark count rate in each channel are measured with a fast, high precision time-to-digital converter, along with the number of channels, the entropy can be extracted with very high efficiency. The bias in the raw data due to the exponential distribution of the arrival time differences between successive dark counts is removed using the transformation of the cumulative distribution function. Except for the preamplifiers for a signal readout from a 4-channel SiPM, all electronics components in our prototype are implemented inside of one chip of a field programmable gate array. The prototype has a 63.54 Mbps generation throughput, and the statistical quality of the generated random numbers is evaluated. Since the property of the dark count is compatible with single-photons from laser beams, one can easily increase the generation bitrate by either adding more SiPM channels or irradiating the SiPM with extra laser beams.