Revealing ocean-scale biochemical structure with a deep-diving vertical profiling autonomous vehicle
Revealing ocean-scale biochemical structure with a deep-diving vertical profiling autonomous vehicle
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DOI：
10.1126/scirobotics.abc7104
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发表时间：
2020-11-25
期刊：
影响因子：
25
通讯作者：
Johnson, Rod
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Breier, John A.;Jakuba, Michael, V;Johnson, Rod
海洋中存在着巨大而多样的微生物群落。为了更好地了解这些微生物对地球气候的全球影响，我们开发了一种机器人，能够在海洋盆地中对溶解的和颗粒状的海水生物化学进行采样，同时还能捕捉其中的精细地球化学过程。海洋微生物在生成和分解有机物时获取和释放碳和其他营养物质。海洋的规模使这些过程具有全球相关性，同时也难以充分描述。微生物群落组成和海洋生物化学在多个物理尺度上各不相同，直到海洋盆地。其他自主水下航行器被优化为连续移动，主要是在海洋中水平移动。相比之下，我们所描述的机器人克利奥被设计为在海洋中高效精确地垂直移动，以拉格朗日方式横向漂移以更好地观察水团，并与研究船操作相结合，以绘制6000米深度的大水平尺度。我们目前的结果显示，克利奥如何进行高分辨率的传感器调查和样本返回任务，包括1144公里的马尾藻海到1000米的深度映射。我们进一步展示了样品如何从海水中获得过滤后的生物质，使基因组和蛋白质组学测量无法通过原位传感。这些结果表明，机器人海洋学方法的全球规模的海洋生物化学调查。
Vast and diverse microbial communities exist within the ocean. To better understand the global influence of these microorganisms on Earth's climate, we developed a robot capable of sampling dissolved and particulate seawater biochemistry across ocean basins while still capturing the fine-scale biogeochemical processes therein. Carbon and other nutrients are acquired and released by marine microorganisms as they build and break down organic matter. The scale of the ocean makes these processes globally relevant and, at the same time, challenging to fully characterize. Microbial community composition and ocean biochemistry vary across multiple physical scales up to that of the ocean basins. Other autonomous underwater vehicles are optimized for moving continuously and, primarily, horizontally through the ocean. In contrast, Clio, the robot that we describe, is designed to efficiently and precisely move vertically through the ocean, drift laterally in a Lagrangian manner to better observe water masses, and integrate with research vessel operations to map large horizontal scales to a depth of 6000 meters. We present results that show how Clio conducts high-resolution sensor surveys and sample return missions, including a mapping of 1144 kilometers of the Sargasso Sea to a depth of 1000 meters. We further show how the samples obtain filtered biomass from seawater that enable genomic and proteomic measurements not possible through in situ sensing. These results demonstrate a robotic oceanography approach for global-scale surveys of ocean biochemistry.