Endogenous neural stem cells in the adult brain
Endogenous neural stem cells in the adult brain
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DOI：
10.1007/s11481-007-9076-0
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Galvan, Veronica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jin, Kunlin;Galvan, Veronica
尽管我们对许多中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病中神经元细胞死亡的分子机制的理解取得了进展，但广泛有效的治疗仍然难以实现。最近的研究表明，神经干细胞（NSC）存在于成年小鼠、大鼠、非人灵长类动物和人类大脑的侧脑室内衬的室下区（SVZ）和海马齿状回（DG）的颗粒下区（SGZ）中。SGZ中新产生的细胞可以分化成成熟的功能性神经元，并作为颗粒细胞整合到DG中，颗粒细胞参与记忆的形成。此外，许多CNS疾病可以刺激位于成年啮齿动物脑的SVZ和SGZ中的神经元干/祖细胞的增殖，并且所产生的新生细胞迁移到受损的脑区域，在那里它们表达成熟的神经元标记物。因此，有可能从内源性神经干细胞库中替换受损细胞。然而，自我修复的能力显然不够。内源性神经干细胞的增殖、迁移和神经元分化可以通过药物工具来操纵，以达到治疗CNS疾病的足够益处。
Despite progress in our understanding molecular mechanisms of neuronal cell death in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, widely effective treatments remain elusive. Recent studies have shown that neural stem cells (NSCs) are present in the subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in adult mouse, rat, nonhuman primate, and human brain. Newly generated cells in the SGZ can differentiate into mature, functional neurons and integrate into the DG as granule cells, which are involved in memory formation. In addition, many CNS diseases can stimulate the proliferation of neuronal stem/progenitor cells located in the SVZ and SGZ of the adult rodent brain, and the resulting newborn cells migrate into damaged brain regions, where they express mature neuronal markers. Therefore, it might be possible for damaged cells to be replaced from endogenous neural stem cell pools. However, the capacity of self-repair is obviously not enough. Proliferation, migration, and neuronal differentiation of endogenous NSCs could be manipulated by pharmaceutical tools to reach the adequate benefits for the treatment of CNS diseases.