Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the British National Child Development Study
Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the British National Child Development Study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00362-2
复制
发表时间：
2001-09-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Joshi, HE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCulloch, A;Joshi, HE
本文利用 1991 年英国国家儿童发展研究（1958 年出生队列）第二代的数据，调查了家庭贫困、选区贫困程度和儿童认知测试分数之间的关联。家庭贫困与所有年龄段（4-18 岁）儿童的较低考试成绩显着相关。邻里贫困与 4-5 岁儿童较低的考试成绩有显着关联，尽管这种关联有所减弱，但与其他社会经济指标无关。在 6 至 9 岁的儿童中，与邻里剥夺的关系通过个体特征进行统计解释。在 10 岁至 18 岁之间的儿童中，邻里剥夺程度在很大程度上在统计上并不显着。 10 至 18 岁儿童的家庭贫困与测试分数关联是由家庭环境调节的。家庭贫困-测试分数关联的中介效应比邻里贫困的中介效应更强。使用与社会环境相关的邻里层面的暴露可以使人们更好地了解儿童结果的社会决定因素，这不仅仅是个人和家庭层面措施的总和。然而，邻里条件的估计影响的大小远小于家庭条件的估计影响。因此，家庭似乎仍然应被视为促进儿童积极发展的关键因素。 (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. 保留所有权利。
This paper investigates the association between family poverty, the level of deprivation in electoral wards and children's cognitive test scores using data from the second generation in the 1991 sweep of the British National Child Development Study (1958 birth cohort). Family poverty has a significant association with lower test scores in children of all ages (4-18 years). Neighbourhood poverty has a significant association with lower test scores in children aged 4-5 years which, though somewhat attenuated, is independent of other socioeconomic indicators. Among children aged between 6 and 9 years, the association with neighbourhood deprivation is statistically accounted for by individual characteristics. Among children aged between 10 and 18 years, levels of neighbourhood deprivation were for the most part statistically insignificant. The family poverty - test score association among children aged between 10 and 18 years was mediated by the home environment. Mediated effects were stronger for family poverty - test score associations than for neighbourhood poverty. The use of a neighbourhood-level exposure related to the social environment leads to an understanding of the social determinants of children's outcomes that is more than the sum of individual and family-level measures. However, the size of the estimated effects of neighbourhood conditions is much smaller than the estimated effects of family-level conditions. Thus, it appears that families still should be viewed as the key agents in promoting positive development in children. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.