Evidence supporting product standards for carcinogens in smokeless tobacco products.
Evidence supporting product standards for carcinogens in smokeless tobacco products.
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DOI：
10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0250
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发表时间：
2015-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hecht SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hatsukami DK;Stepanov I;Severson H;Jensen JA;Lindgren BR;Horn K;Khariwala SS;Martin J;Carmella SG;Murphy SE;Hecht SS
在美国销售的无烟烟草(ST)产品尼古丁和烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNA)的产量差异很大。随着《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法案》的通过，食品和药物管理局现在有权制定产品标准。然而，现有有限的数据确定了ST的使用模式与ST产品中的成分水平在使用者暴露于致癌物中的相对作用。在这项研究中，来自美国三个不同地区的不同尼古丁和TSNA含量不同品牌的ST用户被招募。参与者接受了两次评估。在这些会议期间，收集了人口统计学和ST使用历史信息以及尿样来评估暴露和影响的生物标志物。在数据收集之间的时间段内，ST用户使用他们的日记卡记录每天使用ST的数量和持续时间。结果表明，与ST的使用模式和尼古丁产量无关，ST产品中的TSNA水平对致癌物暴露水平起着重要作用。降低ST产品中TSNA水平的产品标准是必要的，以减少对这些毒物的暴露，并有可能降低癌症风险。
Smokeless tobacco (ST) products sold in the U.S. vary significantly in yields of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). With the passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, the Food and Drug Administration now has the authority to establish product standards. However, limited data exist determining the relative roles of pattern of ST use versus constituent levels in the ST product in exposure of users to carcinogens. In this study, ST users of brands varying in nicotine and TSNA content were recruited from three different regions in the U.S. Participants underwent two assessment sessions. During these sessions, demographic and ST use history information along with urine samples to assess biomarkers of exposure and effect were collected. During the time between data collection, ST users recorded the amount and duration of ST use on a daily basis using their diary cards. Results showed that independent of pattern of ST use and nicotine yields, levels of TSNA in ST products played a significant role in carcinogen exposure levels. Product standards for reducing levels of TSNA in ST products are necessary to decrease exposure to these toxicants and potentially to reduce risk for cancer.