Fruit Choice in Neotropical Birds: The Effect of Distance Between Fruits on Preference Patterns
Fruit Choice in Neotropical Birds: The Effect of Distance Between Fruits on Preference Patterns
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新热带鸟类的水果选择：水果之间的距离对偏好模式的影响
DOI：
10.2307/1938058
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
J. Denslow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Levey;T. Moermond;J. Denslow
在哥斯达黎加的一片低地雨林中，试验研究了果树间距对4种丹拿和2种山猫选择模式的影响。在两个栖息地上，每一个栖息地上都出现了由两个果树种组成的配对集群，两个栖息地之间的距离从0.3米到6.4米不等。当两个栖息地距离最近时，所有的鸟都会先吃两个栖息地上喜欢的浆果，然后再吃不太受欢迎的卡拉卡萨纳。在栖息距离最远的时候，除了一只以外，所有的鸟都吃了第一个栖息地上的两种水果，然后飞到第二个栖息地。每只鸟在两种取食顺序之间切换的距离与它们对一种水果的偏好程度有关。与坦克相比，人造鸟在更大的间隔距离内切换。由于假人猿的大部分果实都在翅膀上，因此切换距离的差异可能与它们的飞行模式有关，但与简单的形态特征(翅膀负载或展宽比)没有发现一致的相关性。结果表明，在田间，当较喜欢的水果间隔较远时，通常可能会采取不太喜欢的物品。觅食的顺序和食物的广度似乎是可用食物丰富和间隔的结果；因此，泛化程度是鸟类觅食模式的动态特征。这一结果支持旅行时间是猎物和斑块选择的重要决定因素的预测。
The influence of distance between fruiting plants on choice patterns of four species of tanagers and two species of manakins was experimentally tested in a lowland rain forest in Costa Rica. Paired clusters of two fruit species (Miconia affinis and Urera caracasana) were presented on each of two perches separated by selected distances ranging from 0.3 to 6.4 m. When the two perches were closest together, all the birds ate the preferred berries, M. affinis, on both perches before eating the less preferred U. caracasana. At the extreme perch separation distance, all but one of the birds ate both species of fruits on the first perch before flying to the second perch. The distance at which each bird switched between the two feeding sequences was correlated with the strength of their preference for one species of fruit over another. Manakins switched at greater separation distances than did tanagers. Since manakins take most of their fruit on the wing, the difference in switch distance is likely related to their flight pattern, but no consistent correlation with simple morphological characteristics (wing-loading or aspect ratio) was found. The results suggest that, in the field, less preferred items may often be taken when more preferred fruits are spaced even moderately far apart. The sequence of feeding and, by implication, diet breadth appears to be a consequence of the abundance and spacing of available foods; hence, degree of generalization is a dynamic feature of a bird's foraging pattern. This result supports the prediction that traveling time is an important determinant of prey and patch choice.