Coprophilic amoebae and flagellates, including Guttulinopsis, Rosculus and Helkesimastix, characterise a divergent and diverse rhizarian radiation and contribute to a large diversity of faecal-associated protists
Coprophilic amoebae and flagellates, including Guttulinopsis, Rosculus and Helkesimastix, characterise a divergent and diverse rhizarian radiation and contribute to a large diversity of faecal-associated protists
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DOI：
10.1111/1462-2920.13235
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Hartikainen, Hanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bass, David;Silberman, Jeffrey D.;Hartikainen, Hanna
多种多样的生物利用粪便栖息地作为丰富的营养来源或通过动物宿主的机制。我们对粪亲性、果体形成的Guttulinopsis vulgaris及其非果亲亲缘Rosculus 'ithacus' CCAP 1571/3、R. terrestris n. sp.和R. elongata n. sp.的18S rRNA基因进行了测序，并证明它们与粪亲性鞭毛虫Helkesimastix在一个强烈支持但高度分化的18S姐妹分支中有亲缘关系。两个分支的特异性PCR引物用于从一系列环境和粪便DNA样本中产生18S扩增子。克隆序列的系统发育分析表明，该分支中未表征的序列类型具有高度多样性，可能代表先前描述的Guttulinopsis属成员，Rosculus和Helkesimastix，以及迄今未观察到的生物体。此外，使用通用真核生物引物对粪便dna产生的18S v4区扩增子进行Illumina MiSeq测序，结果表明粪便样本中的核心-尾蚴组合与在更常规的检查栖息地中发现的组合一样多样化。这些结果揭示了许多新的谱系，其中一些似乎优先发生在粪便物质中，特别是毛线虫和滑膜线虫。更广泛地说，我们表明粪便栖息地可能是微生物真核生物多样性尚未开发的水库。
A wide diversity of organisms utilize faecal habitats as a rich nutrient source or a mechanism to traverse through animal hosts. We sequenced the 18S rRNA genes of the coprophilic, fruiting body-forming amoeba Guttulinopsis vulgaris and its non-fruiting relatives Rosculus 'ithacus' CCAP 1571/3, R. terrestris n. sp. and R. elongata n. sp. and demonstrate that they are related to the coprophilic flagellate Helkesimastix in a strongly supported, but highly divergent 18S sister clade. PCR primers specific to both clades were used to generate 18S amplicons from a range of environmental and faecal DNA samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the cloned sequences demonstrated a high diversity of uncharacterised sequence types within this clade, likely representing previously described members of the genera Guttulinopsis, Rosculus and Helkesimastix, as well as so-far unobserved organisms. Further, an Illumina MiSeq sequenced set of 18S V4-region amplicons generated from faecal DNAs using universal eukaryote primers showed that core-cercozoan assemblages in faecal samples are as diverse as those found in more conventionally examined habitats. These results reveal many novel lineages, some of which appear to occur preferentially in faecal material, in particular cercomonads and glissomonads. More broadly, we show that faecal habitats are likely untapped reservoirs of microbial eukaryotic diversity.