Assessment of home care aides' respiratory exposure to total volatile organic compounds and chlorine during simulated bathroom cleaning: An experimental design with conventional and "green" products.
Assessment of home care aides' respiratory exposure to total volatile organic compounds and chlorine during simulated bathroom cleaning: An experimental design with conventional and "green" products.
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在模拟浴室清洁过程中，家庭护理助理呼吸暴露于总挥发性有机化合物和氯的评估：传统和“绿色”产品的实验设计。
DOI：
10.1080/15459624.2021.1910280
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发表时间：
2021-06
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Virji MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lindberg JE;Quinn MM;Gore RJ;Galligan CJ;Sama SR;Sheikh NN;Markkanen PK;Parker-Vega A;Karlsson ND;LeBouf RF;Virji MA
家庭护理（HC）助理访问客户的家通常包括清洁和消毒（C&D）浴室。C&D家用产品中的一些成分与呼吸系统疾病有关，包括次氯酸钠（漂白剂）和季铵化合物（quats）。“绿色”产品可能对环境更安全，但对其呼吸风险的定量评估有限。本研究评估了助手使用传统和绿色产品进行典型浴室清洁时产生的总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）和氯的空气浓度和时间分布。助手们在一个环境空气采样实验室建造的模拟住宅浴室中执行清洁任务。一个平衡的实验设计包括每个助手来实验室进行四次访问，在此期间，她使用三种C&D产品中的一种进行两次20分钟的清洁工作（以漂白剂为基础，次氯酸钠重量为1-5%；以四分之一为基础，季铵化合物重量为0.1-1%；以“绿色”为基础，百里香酚重量为0.05%，植物百里香油的一种成分）或蒸馏水作为对照。辅助装置上附有TVOC和氯直接读数仪，样品入口位于呼吸区。在实验期间记录TVOC和氯气浓度的10秒平均值和瞬时峰值浓度。同时，对喷淋、流淋、擦拭等C&D方法的TVOC浓度进行了评价。该研究在22名助手的帮助下完成了169次空气采样。四分之一的产品产生的总挥发性有机化合物的平均浓度（平均值= 1,210ppb）是基于漂白剂（平均值= 593 ppb）或绿色（平均值= 498 ppb）产品的两倍多。每种产品产生的TVOC浓度在使用的最初几分钟内迅速上升。喷洒产生的TVOC暴露量最高，擦拭产生的TVOC暴露量最低。当使用基于漂白剂的产品时，13名助手（65%）的氯暴露峰值超过OSHA PEL上限（1ppm）。HC助手可能会因使用含有漂白剂或其他呼吸道刺激物的传统或绿色C&D产品，并在浴室典型的小而通风不良的空间中喷洒而受到呼吸道危害。应避免喷洒。
Home care (HC) aide visits to clients’ homes often involve cleaning and disinfecting (C&D) bathrooms. Some ingredients in C&D household products are associated with respiratory illness, including sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and quaternary ammonium compounds (quats). “Green” products may be safer for the environment, however there are limited quantitative evaluations of their respiratory risks. This study assessed airborne concentrations and time profiles of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and chlorine generated during typical bathroom cleaning performed by aides using conventional and green products. Aides performed cleaning tasks in a simulated residential bathroom constructed in an environmental air sampling laboratory. A balanced experimental design involved each aide coming to the lab for four visits during which she performed two 20-min cleaning sessions using one of three C&D products (bleach-based, 1–5% sodium hypochlorite by weight; quats-based, 0.1–1% by weight quaternary ammonium compounds; and “green,” 0.05% by weight thymol, a component of botanical thyme oil) or distilled water as a control. TVOC and chlorine direct reading instruments were attached to aides with sample inlets located in the breathing zone. Ten-second averages of TVOC and chlorine gas concentrations and instantaneous peak concentrations were recorded for the sessions’ duration. TVOC concentrations by methods of C&D application (spraying, streaming, wiping) also were evaluated. The study completed 169 air sampling sessions with 22 aides. The quats-based product generated more than twice the average TVOC concentrations (mean = 1,210ppb) than the bleach-based (mean = 593 ppb) or green (mean = 498 ppb) products. Each product generated TVOC concentrations that rose rapidly within the first few minutes of application. Spraying produced the highest TVOC exposures, wiping the lowest. Thirteen aides (65%) experienced peak chlorine exposures above the OSHA PEL ceiling limit (1 ppm) when using the bleach-based product. HC aides may experience respiratory hazards from use of conventional or green C&D products formulated with bleach or other respiratory irritants and sprayed in small, poorly ventilated spaces typical of bathrooms. Spraying should be avoided.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Dumas, Orianne;Boggs, Krislyn M.;Camargo, Carlos A.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Quinn, Margaret M.;Henneberger, Paul K.
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影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Carder, Melanie;Seed, Martin J.;van Tongeren, Martie
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影响因子：
4
作者：
Goodyear, N.;Brouillette, N.;Marshall, J.
通讯作者：
Marshall, J.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Quinn MM;Markkanen PK;Galligan CJ;Sama SR;Kriebel D;Gore RJ;Brouillette NM;Okyere D;Sun C;Punnett L;Laramie AK;Davis L
通讯作者：
Davis L